古代“天雨异物”灾异的阐释与书写

The Interpretation and Writing of the Disasters of "Heavenly Rain and Foreign Objects" in Ancient Times

中国古代文献中有大量的“雨毛”“雨石”“雨星”“雨血”“雨肉”“雨木冰”等记录,在此统称为“天雨异物”。作为一种灾异类型,古人对其丰富的政治、思想、文化内涵有着多元阐释,显示出特定时代和文化语境下人们的理解和认知,今人也从现象学的角度进行了类型研究和科学解释。通过爬梳“天雨异物”灾异历史记录,进而分析经学、政治学、数术之学等思想文化背景下对此类灾异的阐释,可管窥春秋学、尚书学和易学灾异思想的融合脉络,探讨“天雨异物”的书写原因和态度,描述其从“史”到“术”再回归于“史”的历史书写逻辑,以及作为事象进入文学书写的表现。

There are a large number of historical records of "rain hair","rain stone","rain star","rain blood","rain meat" and "rain wood ice" in ancient Chinese literature,which are collectively referred to as "heavenly rain and foreign objects".As a type of catastrophe,the ancients had multiple interpretations of its rich political,ideological and cultural connotations,showing people's understanding and cognition in a specific era and cultural context.Today,people have also conducted type research and scientific explanation from a phenomenological perspective.By combing through the historical records of "heavenly rain and foreign objects" disasters,analyzing the interpretation of such disasters under the study of Confucian classics,political science,and mathematics,this paper gets a glimpse of the fusion context of Spring and Autumn Annals studies,Book of History studies and Yi studies.By discussing reasons and attitudes of writing "heavenly rain and foreign objects",it describes its historical writing logic from "history","art" and then to "history",and its representation as an event entering literary writing.