残疾大学生的择业心理特征

Psychological characteristics of vocational selection for college students with disabilities

目的调查在校残疾大学生的择业心理倾向特征。方法使用残疾大学生择业心理倾向量表对4所高校在校残疾大学生155例进行问卷调查。结果最终回收有效问卷151份。主成分分析提取到4个公因子:专业、能力、父母职业和父母学历,累计方差贡献率74.98%。聚类分析聚为3类:能力和父母学历影响型(20.5%)、专业和能力型(31.1%)和专业偏向型(48.3%)。3类大学生择业心理倾向在个人认知、就业倾向、就业情绪情感、就业意志维度均有显著性差异(F>7.021,P<0.01)。结论在校残疾大学生择业心理倾向有4个维度:专业维度、能力维度、父母职业维度和父母学历维度。择业心理倾向可分为3类:能力和父母学历影响型、专业和能力型以及专业偏向型。要根据残疾大学生择业心理结构和典型的择业心理倾向进行精准的职业咨询与辅导。

Objective To investigate the psychological tendency characteristics of vocational selection for college students with disabilities.Methods A total of 155 college students with disabilities in four colleges and universities were investigated using Psychological Tendencies of Vocational Selection for College Students with Disabilities(PTVS).Results A total of 151 questionnaires returned finally.The principal component analysis extracted four factors,namely profession,capability,parental occupation and parental education,with a cumulative contribution rate of 74.98%.Clustering analysis clustered three categories,namely vocational capability and parental education dominated,profession and capability dominated,and profession dominated,which accounted for 20.5%,31.1%and 48.3%,respectively.There were significant differences among the three categories in the dimensions of personal cognition,employment tendency,employment affect and employment will of PTVS(F>7.021,P<0.01).Conclusion There are four dimensions of PTVS,i.e.,the dimension of profession,the dimension of capability,the dimension of parental occupation and the dimension of parental education;while the PTVS could be divided into three categories,i.e.,vocational capability and parental education dominated,profession and capability dominated,and profession dominated.For college students with disabilities,accurate career counseling and guidance should be provided according to the psychological structure of vocational selection and PTVS.