多方位助力式老年人如厕辅助装置设计与测试

Design of Auxiliary Toilet Device for The Elderly With Multi-directional Assistance

针对老年人如厕困难等问题,设计了一种从不同方位助力的如厕辅助装置。在分析老人如厕过程中的行为动作基础之上,提出一种包含不同助力机构的总体设计方案,通过设计y向扶手运动机构、z向扶手运动机构和坐垫升降机构分别实现对老人手腕部、腋部和臀部助力,辅助完成弯腰、下蹲、起身等动作;通过设计折叠结构实现整个机械装置折叠。对主要机械结构进行设计计算,并利用MATLAB对z向扶手和坐垫升降机构形成的联动机构的杆件尺寸进行优化设计,同时利用ANSYS对整体结构进行有限元分析,确保设计的安全性。最后,对文中设计的老年人如厕辅助装置进行实验样机的制作和测试,结果表明该装置运行稳定可靠,实现了不同方位助力,整个助力过程所需时间为45 s,并能够对称折叠,节约占用空间,适用于不同规格的坐便器或蹲便器。

To address the challenges faced by the elderly when using the toilet,an auxiliary toilet device with multi-directional assistance is designed.Based on the analysis of the behavior of the elderly in the process of using the toilet,an overall design scheme containing different assistance mechanisms is proposed.The device assists the elderly in the respect of wrist,armpit and hip by designing armrest movement mechanism along the y direction,armrest movement mechanism along the z direction and a cushion lifting structure,which assist to complete bending,squatting,standing up and other actions,and the entire mechanical device can be folded.The main mechanical structure is designed,and the size of the rod of the linkage mechanism composed of the z handrail and cushion lifting structure is designed and optimized using MATLAB.ANSYS is used for finite element analysis of the entire structure to ensure the safety of design.Finally,the experimental prototype of the auxiliary toilet device is made and tested.The results show that the device runs stably and reliably to achieve different orientation assistance,and it takes 45 s during the operating period.The device can be folded symmetrically,save space,and is suitable for toilets or squatting toilets with different specifications.