不同生长年限及粗度径级对黄芪饮片药效成分含量的影响

Effects of growth year,thickness and diameter class on content of active compounds of Astragali Radix decoction pieces

目的测定不同年限蒙古黄芪Astragalus membranaceus产出不同粗度径级黄芪饮片的比例,比较各粗度径级黄芪饮片药效成分含量的差异,为黄芪饮片质量等级的科学划分提供理论依据。方法以4~6年生仿野生蒙古黄芪为材料,按照直径在0.5~0.8 cm(不包含0.8 cm)、0.8~1.0 cm和大于1.0 cm对样品进行划分,测定不同年限黄芪各粗度径级饮片的产出比率及药效成分含量。结果生长年限对不同粗度径级黄芪饮片的质量占比具有极显著影响(P<0.01)。0.5~0.8 cm粗度径级的黄芪饮片在4年生黄芪中质量占比最高,而粗度大于1.0 cm的黄芪饮片在6年生黄芪中质量占比最高。生长年限、粗度径级及二者的交互作用对黄芪中黄酮类和皂苷类成分含量均有极显著影响(P<0.01)。黄酮类成分含量受年限因素的影响大于粗度径级,在6年生黄芪的0.8~1.0 cm粗度部位中达到最高;而黄芪甲苷含量受粗度径级的影响大于年限因素,在0.5~0.8 cm粗度径级的5年生黄芪中达到最高。结论生长年限、粗度径级均会影响黄芪药效成分含量,黄芪饮片在划分质量等级时,在传统考虑粗度直径的同时,要特别注意生长年限的影响。

Objective To compare the weight proportion and active component content of Astragalus mongolicus of different thickness and diameters with different growth years,so as to provided a theoretical basis for scientific classification of quality grades of Huangqi(Astragali Radix)decoction pieces.Methods The 46-year old imitating wild A.mongolicus were selected as the research material.Before measurement,they were divided into three parts according to the diameter:0.5—0.8 cm(excluding 0.8 cm),0.8—1.0 cm and>1.0 cm.The weight proportion and active component content of Astragali Radix decoction pieces of different thickness and diameters with different growth years were measured.Results The growth years had a very significant effect on the quality proportion of Astragali Radix decoction pieces with different thickness and diameters(P<0.01).The weight proportion of the thickness of 0.5—0.8 cm was the highest in four-year-old Astragali Radix,while the weight proportion of the thickness of more than 1.0 cm was the highest in six-year-old ones.The content of flavonoids and saponins in Astragali Radix decoction pieces was significantly affected by growth years,thickness and diameter class and their interaction(P<0.01).The content of flavonoids was more affected by growth years than thickness and diameters,and it was the highest in 0.8—1.0 cm thick parts of six-year-old Astragali Radix decoction pieces.The content of saponins was more affected by thickness and diameters than growth years,and it was the highest in 0.5—0.8 cm thick parts of five-year-old Astragali Radix decoction pieces.Conclusion Both the growth years and the thickness and diameters will affect the content of the active components of Astragali Radix.When classifying the quality grades of Astragali Radix decoction pieces,we should pay special attention to the influence of growth years while taking the thickness and diameters into account.