法律人类学的前史:19世纪欧美学界的原始法学思潮

The Pre-History of Legal Anthropology:Primitive Legal Trend of Thought in the 19th Century

19世纪欧美学界的原始法学思潮,对法律人类学学科的诞生有着直接影响。麦克伦南、摩尔根、梅因、巴霍芬等就原始法本质与内容展开了激烈争论,形成了“符号说”与“规范说”两种学说。萨维尼与梅因对法律的单线演进过程予以了描述,初步揭示了法律的进化逻辑。在对原始法的本质、内容及进化逻辑的探究中,相继涌现出了过程分析、文本分析与比较分析等研究方法。系统研究19世纪欧美学界原始法学思潮与法律人类学学科之间的历史关联,对我们思考当下中国法律人类学“向何处去”问题具有重要启示意义。

The primitive legal trend of thought of the European and American academic circles in the 19th century had a direct influence on the birth of legal anthropology.McLennan,Morgan,Maine,Bachofen had launched a fierce debate on the nature and content of primitive law,which formed the"symbol theory"and"norm theory".Savigny and Maine described the evolution process of law,and revealed the evolutionary logic of law preliminarily.In the exploration of the essence,content and evolutionary logic of the primitive jurisprudence,it emerged three research methods,which are process analysis,text analysis and comparative analysis.The systematic study of the historical relationship between the primitive legal trend of thought of the European and American academic circles in the 19th century and legal anthropology is of great significance for us to think about the issue of"where to go"of legal anthropology in China.