五指毛桃黄酮类色素提取工艺优化及颜色稳定性分析

Process and Color Stability Analysis of Flavonoid Plant Pigments from Ficus hirta

采用超声波辅助提取法,优化五指毛桃黄酮类植物色素提取工艺,并检测其在酸碱处理下的颜色稳定性。结果表明:五指毛桃中黄酮类植物色素提取的最佳工艺为提取时间为35 min、提取温度为65℃、料液比为1∶65。五指毛桃根、茎、叶中的黄酮类色素含量分别为8.292、4.858和7.945 mg/g,茎(93.022%)和叶(92.244%) 24 h的黄酮植物色素保存率高于根(86.758%)。酸碱溶液处理五指毛桃根、茎和叶黄酮类色素减少比例在23.466%~59.262%之间。其中,根部酸处理后黄酮含量最高为6.311 mg/g,碱和酸处理的叶部黄酮含量居第二、三位,分别为5.500和5.379 mg/g。酸处理24 h的黄酮类色素保存率仍保持在88%以上,而碱处理则降低至80%以下(除茎的保存率为98.996%)。另外,碱处理可大幅提高五指毛桃根、茎、叶提取液的色度,加深提取液的颜色。综上,五指毛桃根和叶的黄酮类色素提取液黄酮含量较高,但茎部色素稳定性较高。酸性条件对五指毛桃植物色素的色素保存率和颜色稳定性影响较小。

The ultrasonic-as sisted extraction method was used to optimize the extraction process of flavonoid phytochromes from Ficus hirta and to test their color stability under acid-base treatment.The results showed that the optimal extraction time was 35 min,the extraction temperature was 65℃,and the material-liquid ratio was 1∶65.The contents of flavonoid phytochromes in the roots,stems and leaves of Ficus hirta were 8.292,4.858,and 7.945 mg/g,respectively,and the 24 h retention rates of flavonoid phytochromes in the stems(93.022%)and leaves(92.244%)were higher than those in the roots(86.758%).The retention of flavonoid phytochromes was higher in stems(93.022%)and leaves(92.244%)than in roots(86.758%).The percentage reduction of flavonoid phytochromes in roots,stems and leaves of Ficus hirta treated with acid and alkaline solutions ranged from 23.466%to 59.262%.The highest flavonoid content was 6.311 mg/g in the roots after acid treatment,and the second and third flavonoid content was 5.500 and 5.379 mg/g in the leaves after alkali and acid treatments,respectively.24 h preservation of flavonoid remained above 88%in the acid treatment,while it decreased to less than 80%in the alkali treatment(except 98.996%in the stems).In addition,the alkali treatment substantially increased the chromaticity and deepened the color of the extracts from root,stem and leaves of Ficus hirta.In conclusion,the flavonoid phytochromes extracts of Ficus hirta root and leaf had higher flavonoid content,but the stem was more stable.Acidic conditions had less effect on the pigment preservation rate and color stability of phytochromes from Ficus hirta.