出土汉画所见汉代的人鬼关系

Relationship Between Man and Ghost in Han Dynasty as Seen from Unearthed Han Paintings

反映人鬼关系的汉画,是汉画中的一个重要类别,内容丰富,出土数量很大,积淀着厚重的文化内涵,真实地展现了汉代的人鬼关系。在涉及人鬼关系的成因时,这些汉画所透露的,不仅仅是宗教因素的影响,更多也更重要的,还有人们从文化意涵、人生情怀、时代精神三重视界所进行的的认知、思考、解读与探索。通过这些汉画,不仅能够发现汉代鬼神观念形成过程中许多新原因,得出新论断,而且还能帮助我们修正以前对一些问题的认知,发现传世纸质文献中一些以往被忽略的问题。

As an important category in Han paintings,those depicting the relationship between man and ghost,unearthed in a large number,are very informative loaded with heavy cultural connotation.They show us the actual relationship between man and ghost in the Han Dynasty(202 BC-220 AD).However,when it comes to the roots of the relationship between man and ghost,what these Han paintings reveal is not only the influence of religious factors,but also and more importantly,people’s cognition,thought,interpretation and inquiry from the triple perspectives of cultural meaning,sentiments and concerns of life,and the spirit of the times.Through these Han paintings,we can not only find many new causes in the formation of the concept of ghosts and gods in the Han Dynasty and draw new conclusions,but also correct our previous cognition of some questions and find some questions that were ignored in these historical paper documents.