气凝胶/纤维复合材料的热学和力学性能以及界面相容性的研究进展

Progress in thermal and mechanical properties and interfacial compatibility of aerogel/fiber composites

气凝胶/纤维复合材料因具有高孔隙率、低体积密度、高比表面积、低热导率等优点,在航空航天、国防军工、环境治理、生物医药等领域展现出广泛的应用前景。本文综述了气凝胶/纤维复合材料的热学和力学性能以及界面相容性,介绍了传热机制,力学性能增强机制以及界面相容性黏合机制,考虑到不同纤维的体积分数和纤维的多尺度即不同纤维直径(长径比)和纤维之间的孔隙直径,总结了不同纤维嵌入对复合材料最终性能的影响。最后,针对气凝胶/纤维复合材料的耐热性、改善力学性能以及材料界面结合等提出未来的研究方向。

Aerogel/fiber composites have shown a wide range of applications in aerospace,defence,environmental management and biomedicine due to their high porosity,low bulk density,high specific surface area and low thermal conductivity.The thermal and mechanical properties and interfacial compatibility of aerogel/fiber composites was reviewed,the heat transfer mechanism,mechanical property enhancement mechanism and interfacial compatibility bonding mechanism was introduced,and the effect of different fiber embedding on the final properties of the composites considering different fiber volume fractions and fiber multiscale i.e.different fiber diameters(aspect ratio)and pore diameters between fibers was summarized in this paper.Finally,the prospective future of the research directions of aerogel/fiber composites were proposed,including heat resistance,improved mechanical properties and material interface bonding.