高色纯度荧光碳点的制备和应用研究进展

Research progress in preparation and application of high-color-purity fluorescent carbon dots

窄带宽的高色纯度发光材料在超高清显示和照明、超分辨成像和传感、生物成像以及防伪等领域具有广泛用途。目前研究和发展的高色纯度荧光材料主要是Ⅱ-Ⅵ族半导体量子点、卤化物钙钛矿纳米晶等。这些材料普遍含有剧毒的过渡金属离子镉和铅等,且环境稳定性较低。与之相比,碳点具有不含重金属离子、光/化学稳定性高、毒性低和原料来源广泛的优点。因此,发展碳点基高色纯度发光材料具有重要的理论和现实意义。基于此,本文系统总结高色纯度碳点在合成与应用方面的国内外研究进展,重点讨论前驱体种类、合成方法等对碳点发光位置和发光峰色纯度的影响,以及在LED、传感和成像等领域的研究进展。展望高色纯度碳点在规模合成、光谱特性如发光位置调制、色纯度和发光效率提升、发光机理研究以及新应用领域拓展方面所面临的机遇和挑战。

Narrow-band,high-color-purity luminescent materials are widely used in the fields of ultra-highdefinition display and lighting,super-resolution imaging and sensing,bio-imaging and anti-counterfeiting.However,the high-color-purity fluorescent materials mainly used areⅡ-Ⅳsemiconductor quantum dots,halide perovskite nanocrystals and so on,which generally contains highly toxic transition metal ions such as Cd and Pb.Moreover,these materials often show low environmental stability.In contrast,carbon dots have many advantages including no heavy metal ions,high photo/chemical stability,low toxicity and wide source of raw materials.Therefore,developing fluorescent carbon dots with high-color-purity has important theoretical and practical significance.Here,the research progress of the synthesis and application of high-color-purity carbon dots was reviewed;the effects of precursor,synthetic methods and some factors on the position and the full width at half maximum of the carbon dots and the application in the field of LED,sensing and imaging were discussed.Additionally,the opportunities and challenges of high-colorpurity carbon dots in large-scale synthesis,optical properties including the tune of PL position,the enhancement of the fluorescent quantum yield and color purity,understanding their photoluminescence mechanism as well as developing new applications were proposed.