论民政部门在未成年人保护中的角色定位及其制度完善——以撤销父母监护权为视角切入

On the Role Orientation and System improvement of Civil Affairs Department in Juvenile Protection——From the Perspective of Revoking Parental Custody

《民法典》《未成年人保护法》等相关法律法规明确了民政部门代表国家承担未成年人监护的兜底责任,民事公益诉讼是实现民政部门兜底监护职责的重要途径,民政部门在撤销父母监护资格的诉前、诉中、诉后三个阶段都发挥着重要作用。民政部门在未成年人监护中发挥着预防、化解、监督和教育等一系列保护未成年人合法权益的作用,未成年人面临来自父母的现实危险时,民政部门可以申请人身安全保护令来保护未成年人的权益。监护人侵害未成年人权益情节严重的,民政部门可以向人民法院申请撤销其监护资格。在法院撤销父母的监护资格后,民政部门应做好未成年人后续安置工作。

The Civil Code,Minors Protection Law and other relevant laws and regulations make it clear that civil affairs departments assume the responsibility of protecting minors on behalf of the state,and civil public interest litigation to implement the guardianship duties of civil affairs departments is an important way to realize the parental rights of the state.Civil affairs departments play an important role in the three stages of before,during and after the lawsuit of withdrawal of parental guardianship qualifications.Civil affairs departments play a series of roles in protecting the legitimate rights and interests of minors in the custody,such as prevention,defusing,supervision and education.In the case of minors who are in real danger from their parents,civil affairs departments can apply for a personal safety protection order to protect the rights and interests of minors.If the guardian seriously infringes upon the rights and interests of minors,the civil affairs department may apply to the people’s court for revoking his guardianship qualification.After the court revokes the guardianship of parents,civil affairs departments should do a good job in the follow-up resettlement of minors.