《刑法》第九十条中民族自治地方刑事司法变通适用实证研究

Empirical Study on the Adaptation of Criminal Justice in Ethnic Autonomous Areas in Article 90 of Criminal Law

《刑法》第九十条赋予了民族自治地方立法机关刑事变通适用权。刑事立法变通是刑事司法变通的前提,尚无对国家统一刑法进行刑事立法变通的情况下,任何动机的刑事司法变通都有违背罪刑法定原则之嫌。民族习惯法具有强大的文化惯性,从而倔强地对国家统一刑法保持疏离的姿态,并影响着司法人员的裁判心理,刑事司法客观上存在趋轻或趋重的变通适用现象。随着经济社会快速发展和各民族文化交流互鉴,民族习惯法在时代变迁下会不断演进,刑事司法变通会逐步失去社会根源和文化基础。中华民族的民族认同和国家认同应置于习惯法文化和国家法文化之上,统摄法文化认同将有助于协调习惯法与国家统一刑法间的关系,从而实现民族地区刑事司法法律效果与社会效果的统一。

Article 90 of the Criminal Law grants the legislatures of ethnic autonomous areas the right to adapt the unified national criminal law.The criminal legislation adaptation is the premise of criminal justice adaptation.Without the legislation adaptation of the unified national criminal law,any motive of criminal justice adaptation is suspected of violating the principle of legally prescribed punishment for a specified crime.The ethnic customary law has a strong cultural inertia,which stubbornly maintains the attitude of alienation from the unified national criminal law and also affect the judicial personnel’s judgment psychology,objectively leading to lighter or heavier criminal justice adaptation.With the rapid economic and social development and the cultural exchanges and mutual learning among various ethnic groups,the ethnic customary law law will continue to evolve under the changes of the times,and criminal justice adaptation will gradually lose their social roots and cultural foundation.The ethnic identity and national identity of the Chinese nation should be placed above the customary law culture and national law culture.Unifying the cultural identification of the law will help to coordinate the relationship between customary law and the unified national criminal law,so as to realize the unity of legal effect and social effect of criminal justice in ethnic areas.