明代顺天解元群体研究

A Study on the Jie-yuan Group of Shuntian in the Ming Dynasty

明代顺天乡试共考出解元87名,目前可确认姓名者81名,可确认籍贯者80名。因监生可以参加两京乡试,顺天解元除37名北直隶人外,还有绝大多数由监生出身的外省人29名,以及外省人占籍北直隶者14名。北直隶籍顺天解元地域分布广泛,反映出明代北直隶重视文化教育,应举之风盛行;同时又很不平衡,是各地在人口、教育、政治、家族等方面差异综合作用的结果。顺天解元中式身份以生员、监生为主体,习经则偏爱《诗》《书》《易》。该群体中举后出路多样,主要以考取进士、直接入仕为主。

In the Ming Dynasty,there were a total of 87 Jie-yuans in Shuntian,81 of whom could be identified by names and 80 by native places.Since students of the Imperial College could participate in the two provincial imperial examinations,apart from the 37 Jie-yuans native to Beizhili,29 Jie-yuans,the vast majority of whom were students of the Imperial College,were from other provinces,and 14 Jie-yuans from other provinces had registered residence in Beizhili.The geographical distribution of native Jie-yuans was extensive in Beizhili,which reflected an emphasis on culture and education and the prevalence of imperial examinations in Beizhili;at the same time,the geographical distribution of Jie-yuans was also unbalanced,which was the result of the combined effect of different population,education,politics,family,etc.Most of the Shuntian Jieyuans were students having passed prefectural tests or students of the Imperial College,and they preferred the Book of Poetry,the Book of History and the Book of Changes.There were various ways out for Shuntian Jieyuans,and most of them would strive to obtain the title of Jinshi and directly enter the official career.