马克思主义与文学空间研究

Marxism and Spatial Literary Studies

马克思主义话语常被认为极具“时间性”,但人文、社科领域的“空间转向”之后,马克思主义理论和实践中的空间、地方和绘图问题受到了更多关注,而相关研究表明,空间和时间一样,在马克思主义批评理论和实践中都具有核心地位。本文认为,空时性恰恰内嵌于马克思主义话语的许多概念之中,而马克思主义则是从事文学空间研究最合适的批评性话语。本文立足于弗雷德里克·詹姆逊等人的研究成果和对叙事文本的考察,以绘图作为关键概念,旨在讨论文学空间研究如何借鉴马克思主义批评来更有效地揭示文学和社会空间之间的联系。对支撑着叙事形式和内容的空间辩证法展开研究,然后分析文学空间和社会空间的历史性生产,同时考察我们借以理解自身时空情境的多重参照系。文章发现,以马克思主义为导向的文学空间研究有助于更好地理解我们所处的动态世界体系,为未来的发展开拓想象性空间。

Marxism has frequently been considered a discourse of high timeliness.After the“spatial turn”in the humanities and social sciences,however,more attention has been paid to the issues of space,place,and mapping in Marxist critical theory and practice in which,as we see in research findings,both space and time are playing an essential role.This article argues that spatiotemporality is embedded in many concepts of the Marxian discourse,whereas Marxism is the most suitable critical discourse for conducting spatial literary studies.By drawing from the work of Fredric Jameson and other theorists,examining some narrative texts,and relying on mapping as the key concept,this article aims to explore how spatial literary studies can more effectively disclose the connections between literature and social space with the help of Marxist criticism,look at the spatial dialectics underpinning narrative form and content,and analyze the historical production of literary and social spaces,while assessing the multiple frames of reference by which we understand our situations in space and time.Finally,the article shows that a Marxist-oriented spatial literary studies will facilitate a better understanding of the dynamic world system of which we are a part and open up imaginative spaces for future development.