《共产党宣言》的诗意、诗性语言与反讽

Poeticality,Poetic Language and Irony in The Communist Manifesto

作为“宣言体”的开创者,《共产党宣言》的诗意、诗性语言历来为人称道。《宣言》在诗性语言中体现出的澎湃激情和浪漫主义气质,既与时代精神密切相关,也与早期马克思的诗作有直接联系。《宣言》一方面重视普通民众在诗与诗意上的普遍意识和接受心理,另一方面以呼告中的移位、反讽式隐喻打破人们的“单一视镜”,冲击其头脑中固有、僵化的观念。《宣言》文体的嬗变,诗性语言的运用,都是服务于解释真理、启蒙大众、驳斥反动派荒谬言论的终极目的。《宣言》既顺应也修正了人们对诗性语言的认知:它是直抵事物真相的语言,是感性与理性、热情洋溢与务求实际、创造性与批判性辩证统一的言语方式。

As a precedent of the “manifesto genre,” the poeticality and poetic language of The Communist Manifesto have been applauded constantly.The outpouring passion and romantic temperament in its poetic language are closely related to the spirit of the time and the early poetic works of Karl Marx as well.On the one hand,the Manifesto accentuates the public's understanding and perception of poetry;on the other hand,with the shift in summoning and the use of ironic metaphor,it breaks the public's “sole lens” and abolishes the existing and rigid concepts in the public mind.Its change in style and its use of poetic language are ultimately intended to explain truths,enlighten the masses,and denounce the fallacies of reactionaries.The Manifesto follows and rectifies the public's perception of poetic language:it is both a language that manifests truths and a rhetoric that articulates a dialectical unity between the sensible and reasonable,the passionate and practical,and the innovative and critical.