嘉禾与灵芝:清代贵州内地化进程的政治符号

Good Cereal and Lucid Ganoderma:Political Symbols of Guizhou Mainland-Oriented Process in Qing Dynasty

嘉禾与灵芝是中国古代典型的祥瑞,具备“德感上天、盛世之兆”之含义,常作为政治符号出现。清代以前,贵州嘉禾、灵芝的记载少,且未与中央进行互动。至清雍正朝,贵州嘉禾呈迸发之势,且数次出现灵芝,此现象深受中央重视,借此形成中央与地方的双向互动。这实质上是中央政府为在贵州推行王化政策,将具有祥瑞含义的嘉禾、灵芝具象化为中央政府“德治”体现。嘉禾、灵芝的出现既论证清王朝在贵州推行一系列政策的合法性,也回击灾象迭生的言论。后嘉禾、灵芝的文化含义在贵州不断深入,促进了贵州内地化的进程,增强贵州各民族的国家认同。

Good cereal and lucid ganoderma are typical auspicious symbols in ancient China,with the meaning of“sense of virtue to heaven,prosperity of the world”,and are often used as political symbols.Before the Qing Dynasty,there were few records of good cereal and lucid ganoderma in Guizhou and no interaction with the central government.In the Qing Yongzheng Dynasty,Guizhou good cereal was in a burst of momentum and lucid ganoderma appeared several times,which was highly valued by the central government and formed a two-way interaction between the central government and the local government.In essence,the central government took good cereal good cereal and lucid ganoderma,with auspicious meaning,as the embodiment of the central government’s“rule of virtue”in order to implement the policy of kingization in Guizhou.The emergence of good cereal and lucid ganoderma not only demonstrates the legitimacy of a series of policies carried out by the Qing Dynasty in Guizhou,but also fi ghts back against the remarks that disasters occur repeatedly.The cultural meaning of post-good cereal and lucid ganoderma has been deepening in Guizhou,promoting the process of Guizhou’s mainland-oriented process and enhancing the national identity of various ethnic groups in Guizhou.