山药多糖的高得率挤压提取及性能研究

High Yield Extrusion Extraction and Properties of Chinese Yam Polysaccharide

目的高效、快速地提高山药多糖提取率及获得性能较好的山药多糖。方法以垆土铁棍山药为原料,采用单因素试验、Box-Behnken设计和响应面法研究了挤压温度、螺杆转动电机频率、水分含量及喂料电机频率对山药多糖(CYP)提取率的影响,并对挤压提取后的山药多糖进行性能研究。结果所构建的回归模型具有高度显著性,最佳挤压辅助提取条件确定如下:挤压温度为130℃,螺杆转动电机频率为26 Hz,水分含量为20%,喂料电机频率为16 Hz。在该条件下,挤压后的山药多糖(E-CYP)的提取率大大升高,达到了44.97%,较未挤压处理提高了31.67%。通过扫描电镜发现,经过挤压处理的山药多糖的表面呈现大量不规则的孔结构,且整体结构相对松散。抗氧化性能测试表明,E-CYP表现出优于CYP的抗氧化活性,随着多糖浓度的增加,羟基自由基及超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力呈逐渐升高的趋势。其中,羟基自由基的去除能力最高,为58.20%,表明经挤压处理的山药多糖具有较好的抗氧化活性。结论获得了山药多糖高得率挤压提取的高效方法及抗氧化性强的山药多糖,为山药多糖在活性包装及作为药食同源的高值化利用提供了理论依据。

The work aims to improve the extraction rate of Chinese yam polysaccharide efficiently and quickly and obtain Chinese yam polysaccharide with better performance.With iron stick yam planted in Lutu(black,hard,coarse but non-sticky soil)as the raw material,the effects of extrusion temperature,frequency of screw rotating motor,moisture content and feeding motor frequency on the extraction rate of Chinese yam polysaccharide(CYP)were studied by single factor experiment,Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology,and the properties of Chinese yam polysaccharide after extrusion were studied.The regression model was highly significant,and the optimum extraction conditions were determined as follows:extrusion temperature was 130℃,frequency of screw rotating motor was 26 Hz,moisture content was 20%,and feeding motor frequency was 16 Hz.Under these conditions,the extraction rate of extruded Chinese yam polysaccharide(E-CYP)was greatly increased,reaching 44.97%,which was 31.67% higher than that of non-extruded Chinese yam polysaccharide.It was found by scanning electron microscope that the surface of Chinese yam polysaccharide after extrusion showed a large number of irregular pore structures,and the overall structure was relatively loose.The antioxidant performance test showed that E-CYP showed better antioxidant activity than CYP.With the increase of polysaccharide concentration,the scavenging ability of hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion radical increased gradually,among which the scavenging ability of hydroxyl radical was the highest,accounting for 58.20%,indicating that the extruded Chinese yam polysaccharide had better antioxidant activity.The high-efficiency extrusion extraction method of Chinese yam polysaccharide with high yield and strong oxidation resistance are obtained,which provides a theoretical basis for the high-value utilization of Chinese yam polysaccharide in active packaging and as a homology of medicine and food.