唯物史观视域下的“文化史”检视与重构

The Review and Reconstruction of"Cultural History"from the Perspec⁃tive of Historical Materialism

理解马克思主义经典文本和话语体系中的“文化史”,要将其置于生产史、社会史的叙述框架和图景中,以社会历史观的视角进行考察。在理性主义统摄的年代,“文化史”的叙述主题是宗教史或政治史,远离人民群众的生活史,书写方式是一种“观念的历史叙述”。唯物史观立足社会实践性活动,从社会历史的深层结构(经济基础与上层建筑的辩证关系)来认识文化现象,强调文化的历史作用,揭示文化的发展规律,从实践论、主体论和方法论三个维度彻底实现了文化观的革命,以“现实的历史叙述”对“文化史”进行了科学的理论重构,最终实现了文化史观的革命性变革与历史性转变。

To understand the"cultural history"in Marxist classic texts and discourse systems,it is necessary to place it within the narrative framework and the picture of production history and social history,and survey it from the perspective of social history.However,in the era dominated by rationalism,the narrative theme of the"cultural history"was a religious history or a political history,far away from the life history of the masses,and its writing mode was a"historical narrative of ideas".Based on social practical activities,historical materialism approaches cultural phenomena from the deep structure of social history(the dialectical relationship between economic founda-tion and superstructure),emphasizes the historical role of culture,reveals the law of development of culture,and completely realizes the revolution of cultural view from the three dimensions of practice,subjectivity and methodol-ogy,thus scientifically and theoretically reconstructing the"cultural history"with a"realistic historical narrative",and ultimately realizing the revolutionary change and historical transformation of the view of cultural history.