有机肥施肥方式和配施减氮肥对烟草生长·产量和质量的影响

Effects of Organic Fertilizer Application Methods and Combined Application of Reducing Nitrogen Fertilizer on Growth, Yield and Quality of Tobacco

为研究精制烟用商品有机肥施用方式和配施减氮肥对丽江烟区烟草生长发育和品质特征的影响。采用田间小区试验,随机设置有机肥施用方式和配施减氮肥小区试验,测定了烟草生长期的农艺性状、产量和化学性状。结果表明,塘施拌匀施用有机肥后烟草株高、叶片数、茎围、中部叶长、中部叶宽、上部叶长和上部叶宽等农艺性状较CK对照分别提高了5.12%、15.54%、8.30%、6.71%、9.05%、6.59%和5.90%,25%有机肥+施纯氮量75%烟草专用复合肥处理烟草农艺性状较CK对照分别提高了6.57%、1.76%、2.91%、6.98%、6.06%、4.93%、2.87%和13.30%。塘施拌匀有机肥后烟草产量、产值、上等烟比例、中等烟比例和单叶重较CK分别提高了3.27%、3.20%、5.65%、5.73%和3.41%。塘施(拌匀、环状)有机肥和增施有机肥减氮肥可提高烤后中部烟叶石油醚提取物含量。塘施(拌匀、环状)有机肥和增施有机肥减氮肥促进烟草株高、茎围、叶长和叶宽等农艺性状,提高烟叶品质、产量、产值,改善烟叶质量,对指导丽江产区烟叶生产可持续发展具有重要意义。

Effects of refined tobacco commercial organic fertilizer application methods and combined application of reduced nitrogen fertilizer on the growth,development,and quality characteristics of tobacco in Lijiang tobacco region were studied.A field plot experiment was conducted to determine the agronomic,yield,and chemical characteristics of tobacco during its growth period,with randomly set organic fertilizer application methods and combined application of reduced nitrogen fertilizer.The results showed that the agronomic traits of tobacco,such as plant height,leaf number,stem circumference,middle leaf length,middle leaf width,upper leaf length,and upper leaf width,were increased by 5.12%,15.54%,8.30%,6.71%,9.05%,6.59%and 5.90%compared to the CK after evenly applying organic fertilizer in the pond.The agronomic traits of tobacco were increased by 6.57%,1.76%,2.91%,6.98%,6.06%,4.93%,2.87%and 13.30%respectively,after applying 25%organic fertilizer and 75%pure nitrogen tobacco specific compound fertilizer.After applying mixed organic fertilizer in the pond,the tobacco yield,output value,proportion of top grade tobacco,proportion of medium tobacco,and single leaf weight increased by 3.27%,3.20%,5.65%,5.73%and 3.41%,respectively,compared to CK.Pond application(mixed,circular)of organic fertilizer and increased application of organic fertilizer to reduce nitrogen fertilizer could increase the content of petroleum ether extract in middle tobacco leaves after curing.The application of organic fertilizer in a pond(mixed and circular)and the application of organic fertilizer to reduce nitrogen fertilizer promoted the agronomic traits of tobacco such as plant height,stem circumference,leaf length,and leaf width,improved the quality,yield,and output value of tobacco,and improve the quality of tobacco.This was of great significance for guiding the sustainable development of tobacco production in the Lijiang production area.