瘤果黑种草籽和家黑种草籽无机溶剂提取物中挥发性成分比较

Comparison of Volatile Components in Different Solvent Extracts of Nigella glandulifera Seeds and Nigella sativa Seeds

[目的]通过对瘤果黑种草籽和家黑种草籽在无机溶剂提取物中挥发性成分的差异比较,分析2种黑种草籽的水和弱酸提取物对其药理作用的影响。[方法]分别用蒸馏水和pH=1.5的盐酸作提取剂对瘤果黑种草籽和家黑种草籽进行提取,提取物分别称为水提物和酸提物,提取物过滤后使用氮气吹干,乙醇复溶后用GC-MS测定其挥发性成分。[结果]不同溶剂对比来看,水提物比酸提物中挥发性成分检出数量和含量均占明显优势,其中脂肪酸、酯及酰胺类化合物含量较高,且检出百里醌,其药用价值更高。2种黑种草相比,瘤果黑种草籽水提物中酰胺类和酯类成分含量高,而家黑种草籽水提物中脂肪酸成分种类和含量更多。[结论]黑种草籽用于方剂中,多为水煎或制成丸剂服用,从提取物成分的药用价值来看,瘤果黑种草籽水提物适合神经保护类的治疗方剂,家黑种草籽水提物更适合抗氧化、抗衰老及抗肿瘤的方剂使用。

[Objective]The effects of water and weak acid extracts of two kinds of Nigella seeds on their pharmacological effects were analyzed by comparing the differences of volatile components in inorganic solvent extracts.[Method]Distilled water and pH 1.5 hydrochloric acid were used as extractants to extract the seeds of Nigella glandulifera and Nigella sativa respectively.The extracts were called water extract and acid extract respectively.After filtration,the extracts were dried with nitrogen,and the volatile components were determined by GC-MS.[Result]Compared with different solvents,the amount and content of volatile components in water extract were significantly higher than that in acid extract.The content of fatty acid,ester and amide compound was higher,and thymoquinone was detected,which had higher medicinal value.Compared with the two kinds of Nigella,the contents of amides and esters in the water extract of the seeds of Nigella glandulifera were higher,while the contents of fatty acids in the water extract of Nigella sativa seeds were more.[Conclusion]Nigella seeds are used in prescriptions,mostly decocted in water or taken as pills.From the medicinal value of the extract,the water extract of Nigella glandulifera seeds is suitable for neuroprotective therapeutic prescriptions,and the water extract of Nigella sativa seeds is more suitable for anti-oxidation,anti-aging and anti-tumor prescriptions.