纳米缓释肥氮素释放特性及茎瘤芥营养效应研究

Nano-Slow-Release Fertilizer Increase Quality and Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Nutrient Utilization Rate of Brassica juncea var.tumida Tsen et Lee

重庆涪陵茎瘤芥产区因过量施肥、偏施氮肥导致茎瘤芥产量和品质下降、土壤酸化和环境污染日趋严重.根据茎瘤芥需肥规律和产区土壤肥力水平,研制了生化缓释(氢醌、N-丁基硫代磷酰三胺和双氰胺)和物理缓释(纳米沸石)相结合的一种新型缓释肥,采用“通气法”和“好气培养间歇淋洗法”研究肥料的氨挥发速率、氨挥发总量和氮素释放特性,并采用土培试验研究其对茎瘤芥产量、氮磷钾养分利用率的影响.结果表明:茎瘤芥专用纳米缓释肥(NBSRF)能降低肥料的氨挥发速率和氨挥发总量.NBSRF的氨挥发总量较商品专用肥(MZF)、普通复合肥(OCF)、自制专用肥(BCF)和自制缓释肥(BSRF)降低了41.20%,26.59%,23.57%和9.78%.NBSRF缓释期大约为70 d,总氮累积溶出率为89.74%.在培养期内(第21 d),各处理的总氮累积溶出率由大到小依次为OCF,MZF,BCF,BSRF,NBSRF,商品缓释肥(MSRF).盆栽试验中,茎瘤芥专用纳米缓释肥(NBSRF)的茎生物量(永安小叶和涪杂2号)比OCF和MSRF分别增加了2.70%~3.80%和7.26%~9.54%;与OCF相比,NBSRF的氮肥表观利用率分别提高了10.05%和4.41%.

Excessive application of fertilization and nitrogen fertilizer not only reduced the production and quality of Brassica juncea var.tumida Tsen et Lee,but also brought serious soil acidification and environmental pollution.According to the nutrient requirement of Brassica juncea var.tumida Tsen et Lee and the soil fertility,a new type of sustained release fertilizer combining biochemical sustained release(hydroquinone,N-butylphosphotriamine and dicyandiamide)and physical sustained release(nano zeolite)was developed.The rate and total amount of ammonia volatilization,and nitrogen release properties of special nano slow-release fertilizer(NBSRF)were studied.The pot culture test was conducted to study its effect on production and nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium utilization of Brassica juncea var.tumida Tsen et Lee.The results showed that nano slow-release fertilizer(NBSRF)reduced the rate and the total amount of ammonia volatilization.The total apparent ammonia volatilization of NBSRF was 41.20%,26.59%,23.57%,and 9.78%lower than that of commercial special fertilizer(MZF),common compound fertilizer(OCF),our special fertilizer(BCF)and slow-release fertilizer(BSRF),respectively.The release period of NBSRF was approximately 70 days,and the cumulative total nitrogen dissolution rate was 89.74%.During the culture period,the order of total nitrogen cumulative dissolution rate of different treatments was OCF,MZF,BCF,BSRF,NBSRF,MSRF.The stem biomass of nano-slow-release fertilizer(NBSRF)increased by 2.70%to 3.80%and 7.26%to 9.54%over common compound fertilizer(OCF)and commercial slow-release fertilizer(MSRF),respectively.Nitrogen utilization rate of NBSRF improved by 10.05%and 4.41%compared to OCF,respectively.