劳动力转移程度对农户牲畜饲养行为的影响——基于生计转型视角

Impact of Labor Migration Degree on Rural Households Livestock Raising Behavior——Based on Livelihood Transformation Perspective

牲畜饲养关系到农户生计与肉类供给,明确不同劳动力转移程度下农户牲畜饲养行为演变规律,有助于促进农户生计精准转型和农村畜牧业可持续发展.以往研究鲜有细化农户的牲畜饲养行为,并缺乏对不同劳动力转移程度农户牲畜饲养行为的探讨.本研究基于武陵山区的517户农户调查数据,运用多元无序Logit模型,从生计转型的角度深入分析劳动力转移程度对农户牲畜饲养行为的影响.研究结果显示:①研究区劳动力转移程度较高,76.02%的农户和53.61%的劳动力发生了转移.②农户的牲畜饲养行为分化明显,保留饲养自食和商品牲畜的农户占30.95%,32.30%的农户仅饲养自食牲畜,36.75%的农户退出了牲畜饲养活动.③农户的牲畜饲养行为随劳动力转移程度呈现出阶段性的演变规律,劳动力转移程度的加深促使农户从饲养自食和商品牲畜转为仅饲养自食牲畜或退出饲养,这是农户基于生计目标从维持生计到追求利润转变而做出的生计策略选择,并带来农户的生计转型.④劳动力转移到较高程度后,农户是退出还是保留自食牲畜的饲养主要由家庭是否有剩余劳动力决定.农户的过渡小农性质使得有剩余劳动力的农户家庭仍保留自食牲畜的饲养以保障生计安全.基于此,提出不同劳动力转移程度农户生计转型的政策建议.

Livestock raising is related to rural households livelihoods and national meat supply.Understanding the evolution rules of farmers livestock raising behavior under different degrees of labor migration is helpful to promote the precise transformation of households livelihoods and the sustainable development of rural animal husbandry.Previous studies did not distinguish farmers livestock raising behavior,and ignored to discuss the livestock raising behavior of rural households with different degrees of labor migration.Based on the survey data of 517 rural households in the Wuling Mountain Area,a multivariate disordered Logit model was used to analyze the impact of labor migration degree on rural households livestock raising behavior.Conclusions are as follows.①The degree of labor migration in the study area is high,with 76.02%of households and 53.61%of labor force migrating.②The livestock raising behavior of rural households is obviously differentiated,with 30.95%of households retaining the raising of self-consuming and commercial livestock,32.3%of households only raising self-consuming livestock,and 36.75%of households withdrawing from livestock raising activities.③The livestock raising behavior of rural households showed a gradual evolution law with the change of labor migration degree,and the deepening of labor migration promoted rural households to shift from raising livestock for both self-consuming and selling to raising livestock only for self-consuming or withdrawing from livestock raising,which is a choice of livelihood strategy made by households based on the shift of livelihood objective from subsistence to profit-seeking and brings about the transformation of rural households livelihood.④Whether a household with a higher degree of labor migration will quit feeding or maintain raising self-consuming livestock is mainly determined by the surplus labor in the household.The transitional smallholder nature of rural households has led households with surplus labor to retain the raising of self-consuming livestock for livelihood security.Based on this,policies for livelihood transformation of rural households with different degrees of labor migration are proposed.