蜱类自然携带布鲁氏菌及其潜在传播作用

PROGRESS ON THE TRANSMISSION AND PRESERVATION OF BRUCELLA BACTERIUM IN COMPETENT TICKS

布鲁氏菌病是一种危害严重的自然疫源性疾病,传播方式复杂,病原体在疫区有多种保存形式。近年研究证明,蜱可能是布鲁氏菌储存和传播的重要途径之一,在疫源地的传播和流行中具有重要的流行病学意义。蜱可自然携带布鲁氏菌,并存在经期、经卵传递可能;蜱可能是布鲁氏菌传播媒介,在蜱传播病原体的2个重要器官(唾液腺和中肠)中检出了布鲁氏菌;已在蜱中检出B.melitensis和B.abortus两种可致人发病的布鲁氏菌,尤其B.melitensis对人具有高致病性,布鲁氏菌可能存在“家畜—蜱—家畜/人”的传播循环。

Brucellosis is a kind of natural epidemic disease with serious harm to human and animals,the transmission mode is complex,and the pathogen has many forms of preservation in the epidemic area.Recent studies have shown that ticks are one of the important pathways for Brucella reserved and transmission,and important epidemiological significance in the transmission and prevalence.Ticks can naturally carry Brucella spp.Brucella could transmit transstadally and transovarially in ticks,which suggested that ticks may be important vectors of Brucella spp.was frequently detected in salivary glands and midgut.B.melitensis and B.bortus were shown highly pathogenic to human beings,which also have been detected in several ticks species.Therefore,Brucella may possess a"livestock-tick-livestock/human"transmission cycle.