元代乐府诗内部的分化与礼乐建设的现实需要

The Internal Differentiation of Yuefu Poems in the Yuan Dynasty and the Realistic Needs of Ritual and Music Construction

乐章与乐府歌行通常被视为乐府诗内部的诗体,以苏天爵为代表的元人却将乐章与乐府歌行视为二体。二者在雅俗上的对立是如此分类的主要原因。在元代,乐章的政治功用还有所保留,但乐府歌行已基本无法发挥其政治功用;乐章文辞典雅,出于文人,乐府歌行的文辞则浮鄙俚俗,最初出于民间;乐章要倡导“性情之正”,乐府歌行则被认为缺少“正大之情”。元人对乐章的认知主要基于礼乐制度,在乐章创作上主张“崇古”“尚雅”,同时政治虽然是批评乐章的重要标准,但一味歌功颂德的作品是无法得到认可的。

Yuezhang and Yufugexing are usually regarded as the internal poetic style of Yuefu poetry,while those in the Yuan Dynasty represented by Su Tianjue regard Yuezhang and Yufugexing as two styles.The main reason for this classification is the opposition between the two in terms of elegance and popularity.In the Yuan Dynasty,Yuezhang’s political function remained,but Yufugexing was basically unable to play its political function;Yuezhang’s language is elegant and created by literati,while Yufugexing’s diction is vulgar and originally created by folk people;Yuezhang was used to advocate“upright temperament”,while Yufugexing was considered to lack“upright temperament”.People in the Yuan Dynasty recognized Yuezhang mainly based on the system of etiquette and music.In Yuezhang’s creation,they advocated“advocating the ancients”and“advocating elegance”.At the same time,although politics is an important criterion for criticizing Yuezhang,works that blindly eulogize merit cannot be recognized.