基于近15年定位监测的宿迁市耕地质量演变趋势

Evolution Trend of Cultivated Land Quality in Suqian City Based on Positioning Monitoring for Nearly 15 Years

依据27个省级耕地质量监测点2007—2021年长期定位监测数据,研究近15年来江苏省宿迁市耕地土壤养分变化情况及耕地质量和数量对粮食产量的影响。结果表明:在当地常规施肥及管理耕作条件下,耕地土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾含量总体呈上升趋势,监测后期比监测初期分别提高了13.38%、22.13%、58.73%、57.63%,与第二次土壤普查数据相比显著提升。土壤pH值相对稳定在7.3~7.6。宿迁市主要农作物化肥施用总量逐年减少,2021年下降至34.6668万t,较2015年下降4.4372万t,降幅为11.35%,实现了负增长;2021年,全市主要农作物单位面积化肥施用强度为463.52 kg/hm^(2),比2015年降低85.69 kg/hm^(2),降幅达15.60%;耕地质量平均等级为4.02,高等地占全市耕地总面积的41.40%,中等地占全市耕地总面积的50.36%,低等地占全市耕地总面积的8.24%。

Based on long-term positioning monitoring data from 27 provincial-level farmland quality monitoring stations from 2007 to 2021,the changes in soil nutrients and the impact of farmland quality and quantity on grain yield in Suqian City,Jiangsu Province in the past 15 years were studied.The results showed that under local conventional fertilization and management tillage conditions,the content of organic matter,total nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in farmland soil showed an overall upward trend,which increased by 13.38%,22.13%,58.73%and 57.63%,respectively,in the late monitoring period compared with the early monitoring period,and was significantly higher than the data of the second soil survey.The soil pH value is relatively stable(7.3~7.6).The total amount of fertilizer application for major crops in Suqian City has been decreasing year by year,dropping to 3466680 tons in 2021,with a decrease of 443720 tons compared to 2015,a decrease of 11.35%and achieving negative growth.In 2021,the fertilizer application intensity per unit area of the main crops in the city was 463.52 kg/hm^(2),a decrease of 85.69 kg/hm^(2) compared to 2015,with a decrease of 15.60%.The average level of cultivated land quality is 4.02,with higher land accounting for 41.40%of the total cultivated land area in the city,medium land accounting for 50.36%of the total cultivated land area in the city,and lower land accounting for 8.24%of the total cultivated land area in the city.