清代南北疆通道穆素尔达坂路的开辟和利用

The Opening and Utilization of Musur Daban Road,A South and North Xinjiang Corridor in the Qing Dynasty

清政府底定准噶尔和“回疆”后,在天山南北设立驻防,以此来实现南北疆政治军事统治。穆素尔达坂路贯穿南北疆,为伊犁至阿克苏的一条捷径,清政府在此路安排军台及修路“回众”,并派遣官员及伯克对此路进行管理。文章利用《清代新疆满文档案汇编》等满文资料,在介绍穆素尔达坂具体概况和此路所处的自然环境后,厘清清政府对此路的开辟和利用情况,阐述清政府在此路的台站设置、人员流动、官兵值守、安排“回众”等情况。通过对此路的具体分析,论证此路在清代新疆南北疆的政治军事管理、经济文化交流等方面发挥的重要作用,阐明清政府极力控制并利用此路的重要性和意义所在。

After the Qing court suppressed rebels,the Qing government established garrisons on the North and South Tianshan Mountains to achieve political and military rule in the northern and southern regions of Xinjiang.Musur Daban Road runs through the northern and southern regions,serving as a shortcut from Ili to Aksu.The Qing government arranged military stations and built roads to the Uyghur masses,and dispatched officials and Burke to manage the road.This paper,based on Manchu materials such as the"Compilation of Manchu Archives in Xinjiang during the Qing Dynasty",introduced the specific overview of Musur Daban and the natural environment,clarified the development and utilization of this road by the Qing government,and elaborated on the establishment of stations,personnel mobility,officers and soldiers on duty,and the arrangement of Uyghur residents.This analysis demonstrated that the Road played an important role in the political and military management,and economic and cultural exchanges of northern and southern Xinjiang during the Qing Dynasty.The importance and significance of the Qing government's strong control and utilization of this Road are also elucidated.