线性分布式定向阵列波束空间覆盖面积分析

Analysis of the spatial coverage area of linear distributed directional array beamforming

相控阵天线因具有高增益、高可靠性、波束指向可控等优点,已广泛应用于雷达、通信等领域。考虑到阵列天线体积、部署地形、设备功耗等因素的限制,单一相控阵天线在某些复杂场景下难以满足需求。特别是在天地间通信、侦察及干扰等场景下,需要多部相控阵天线分布式部署,进行协同波束合成,以获得与单部阵列天线相比更高的功率增益。分布式定向阵列利用多个分布式阵列节点形成虚拟天线阵列,通过调整各阵元的相位收发同一信号,合成定向波束。针对分布式定向阵列合成波束在特定高度平面上增益覆盖面积的计算问题,利用阵列天线波束合成原理、方向图乘积定理以及空间解析几何,提出一种理论解析计算方法。建模分析及仿真结果表明,线性分布式定向阵列波束合成的增益覆盖面积,包括主瓣及栅瓣波束增益覆盖面积,与分布式阵列的俯仰角、目标平面高度、信号载频以及分布式节点个数强相关,但与分布式节点间距关联较弱;且所提方法的解析值与计算机仿真值相符,可为远距离大功率分布式阵列的工程实现提供理论参考。

The phased array antenna has been widely used in radar,communication and other fields because of its advantages of high gain,high reliability and controllability of the beam.Considering the limitations of the size,the deployment terrain and the power consumption of the phased array antenna,it is difficult for a single phased array antenna to meet the requirements in some complex scenes,especially in some scenarios such as the space-earth communication,reconnaissance and jamming,so it is necessary to deploy multiple phased array antennas in a distributed manner for cooperative beamforming to obtain a higher power gain than a single array antenna.The distributed directional array uses multiple distributed array nodes to realize a virtual antenna array,sending or receiving the same signal by adjusting the phase of each array element to form the directional beam.A calculation method is proposed based on the principle of array synthesis and spatial analytic geometry aiming at the problem of calculating the gain coverage area of the distributed directional array beam in a specific height plane.Analysis and simulation results show that the gain coverage area of the linear distributed directional array beam,including the main lobe and gate lobe beam gain coverage area,is strongly correlated with the elevation angle of the distributed array,the height of the target plane,the signal carrier frequency and the number of distributed nodes,while it is weakly correlated with the distance between the distributed nodes.The analytical value of the proposed method is consistent with the computer simulation value,which can provide a theoretical reference for the implementation of the long-distance high-power distributed array in engineering.