从“军府”走向“郡县”:清代新疆治理变迁

Xinjiang Governance Changes in the Qing Dynasty:From Military Administration to Executive Administration

有清一代,经过康雍乾三朝经营,国家对新疆地区的治理程度得到显著推进。自乾隆朝设伊犁将军府施治,至光绪朝仿内地设行省,清代对新疆地区的治理主要经历了由“军府制”向“郡县制”的政制变迁,推进了新疆与内地的政制一体化,提高了国家治理的同质化水平。建省,是新疆历史上的重大变革,既是在新的历史条件下国家进一步加强对新疆治理的需要,也是历史长期发展的必然结果,对新疆发展具有重要意义。

In the Qing Dynasty,the governance of Xinjiang was greatly promoted under the operation of the three emperors of Kangxi,Yongzheng and Qianlong.From General Yili set up during Qianlong s reign to Xinjiang Province established by following inland provinces in Guangxu s reign,the governance of Xinjiang experienced a major adjustment from the early military administration to the executive administration,which strengthens the governance integration of Xinjiang and inland areas and improves national governance ability homogeneously in different areas.The establishment of Xinjiang Province,a significant change in Xinjiang history,not only strengthen the governance by central government under new historical conditions,but also is an inevitable result of long-term development of history.This study focuses on the change process of Xinjiang governance in the Qing Dynasty.