意定监护法律制度简析

Analysis on the Legal System of Intentional Guardianship

人口老龄化是人类史上前所未见的客观趋势,是全球面临的共同课题。为满足老年人权益保障的需求,意定监护制度成为现代监护制度的发展趋势之一。我国意定监护制度出现较晚,现有法律规范相对粗疏,存在意定监护和法定监护效力优先性、适格主体的认定、意定监护开始时间认定以及意定监护监督制度缺位等制度困境。应当从基本国情和社会现状出发,明确意定监护优先适用的效力,明确人民法院在主体资格认定中的决定性作用,设立多元的启动条件以及建立配套完善的监督机制,通过完善意定监护制度,为弱势群体提供更全面的社会保障。

The aging of the population is an unprecedented objective trend in human history and a common issue facing the world.In order to meet the needs of the protection of the rights and interests of the elderly,the voluntary guardianship system has become one of the development trends of modern guardianship system.Since it appears late and the existing legal norms are relatively rough,there are voluntary guardianship and legal guardianship effectiveness priority,the identification of qualified subjects,the identification of voluntary guardianship start time and the absence of voluntary guardianship supervision system and other system dilemmas.In order to provide more comprehensive social security for the vulnerable groups,we should start from the basic national conditions and social status quo,clarify the effect of the priority application of voluntary guardianship,clarify the decisive role of the people’s court in the subject qualification determination,establish multiple starting conditions and establish a complete set of supervision mechanism to improve the voluntary guardianship system.