施肥深度对胡麻生长性状及产量的影响

Effects of Fertilization Depth on Growth Charateristics and Yield of Linseed

为了提高胡麻肥料利用率,试验采用数学方法拟合植株地上地下指标的动态变化,研究了施肥深度对胡麻全生育期植株生长特性、收获经济性状及产量的影响。调查不同施肥深度胡麻从出苗到收获株高、根长、须数、叶数、鲜重,通过方程一阶导数求得各指标达到最大的时期,计算生长速率,观测整个生育期不同施肥深度对地下地上各指标的影响。结果表明:不同施肥深度胡麻株高生长规律符合Logistic生长曲线,叶数、根长、须根数符合一元三次曲线,鲜重符合S曲线,均达到极显著水平;不同施肥深度对收获后胡麻经济性状(出苗率、茎粗、有效分枝数、千粒重)有差异性影响。施肥深度5 cm时肥效明显(此施肥深度与播种深度距离最近),产量最高为3005.7 kg/hm^(2),施肥深度20 cm产量最低,最高产量较最低产量增产238.9 kg/hm^(2),增产率8.63%。施肥深度和相应产量拟合,回归方程为Y=0.27904+0.02253/(1+exp(X-12.10561)/2.57669),R2=0.959。研究认为,随着施肥深度的加深,胡麻产量基本呈现逐渐下降的趋势,胡麻施肥深度应该在保障不烧苗、有效出苗的基础上尽量与播种深度接近。

In order to improve fertilizer utilization rate of flax,a study on the effects of different fer⁃tilization depths on the growth characteristics,economic traits and yield of linseed was carried out during the whole growth period.Plant height,root length,number of whiskers,number of leaves and fresh weight at different fertilization depths from seedling emergence to harvest were investigated.The dynamic changes of aboveground and underground indexes of plants were fitted using mathematical equations meth⁃od.The period of each maximum growth index was obtained through the first derivative of the equation,and the growth rate was calculated.The effects of different fertilization depth on each growth index during the whole growth period were observed.The results showed that the growth law of flax plant height at dif⁃ferent sowing depths conformed to Logistic growth curve,the number of leaves and fibrous roots,and root length conformed to one-dimensional cubic curve,and the fresh weight conformed to S curve,and the e⁃quations reached extremely significant level.Different fertilization depths have different effects on the eco⁃nomic characters(emergence rate,stem diameter,effective branch number and 1000-grain weight)of flax after harvest.When the fertilization depth was 5 cm,which was close to the sowing depth,the fertil⁃izer effect was obvious,and the highest yield was 3005.7 kg/hm^(2).The lowest yield was obtained at the fertilization depth of 20 cm,238.9 kg/hm^(2) less than the highest yield at the rate of 8.63%.The regression equation between fertilization depth and corresponding yield was Y=0.27904+0.02253/(1+exp(X-12.10561)/2.57669),R2=0.959.The results showed that with the deepening of fertilization depth,the yield of flax basically showed a gradual decline trend,and the fertilization depth of flax should close to the distance between seeds and fertilizer as far as possible on the basis of ensuring that seedlings were not burned and emerged effectively.