数智时代开放教育治理的生态规律与对策路径研究

Research on the Ecological Laws and Countermeasures of Open and Distance Education Governance in the Digital Intelligence Era

教育数字化对教育治理提出了更高要求,开放教育的数字化转型和高质量发展,迫切要求探索新的治理模式和治理对策。该文立足生态学新视角,采用调查研究、归纳和模型分析法,首先给出了国家层面开放教育的生态系统模型,明确个人和社会需求是能量输入,教育行政部门、办学机构、服务机构是生态主体,毕业生、教育公共服务资源、教育技术融合资源是系统输出。其次,调查归纳了开放教育治理的优汰劣胜、多样松散、监管共享困难和边缘化等现象,以及对应的消费者主导、生态对策、物质循环和增长瓶颈等生态治理规律。最后,立足生态系统模型和治理规律,提出了治理新模式的五个方向,即办学定位加强职业导向、办学任务面向终身学习、办学体系突出特色发展、办学监管抓好产品服务、办学投入凸显社会需求,以及国家平台和学习中心两个重点战略,以期为我国开放教育治理与发展和国家数字大学建设提供有益启示。

The digitalization of education puts forward higher requirements for education governance.The digital transformation and high-quality development of open and distance education urgently require the exploration of new governance models and strategies.This article is based on a new perspective of ecology,using survey research,induction,and model analysis methods.Firstly,it provides an ecosystem model of open and distance education at the national level,clarifying that individual and social needs are energy inputs,educational administrative departments,educational institutions,and service institutions are ecological entities,and graduates,educational public service resources,and educational technology integration resources are system outputs.Secondly,the survey summarized the phenomena of selecting the best from the worst,loose diversity,difficulties in regulatory sharing,and marginalization in open education governance,as well as corresponding ecological governance laws such as consumer dominance,ecological strategies,material circulation,and growth bottlenecks.Finally,based on the ecosystem model and governance laws,five directions for the new governance model were proposed,namely,strengthening the vocational orientation of education positioning,facing lifelong learning in education tasks,highlighting the distinctive development of the education system,strengthening product services in education supervision,highlighting social needs in education investment,and two key strategies of national platforms and learning centers,To provide useful insights for the governance and development of open and distance education in China and the construction of national digital universities.