多元协同治理:老年教育治理模式新选择——基于四种典型模式的比较

A Comparative Study of Multi-collaborative Governance,an Alternative for Seniors'Educational Governance Models

作为应对人口老龄化的关键路径,老年教育在20世纪80年代广泛兴起于国际,为探究老年教育治理的国际行动特征,寻求影响老年教育发展的外部因素,研究选取美国、法国、英国以及中国四个老年教育治理的典型案例国家进行比较分析。结果发现,外部环境与治理主体的参与会对老年教育的总体发展规模产生重要影响,其中治理主体是影响老年教育发展规模的重要原因变量,政府治理型的老年教育会受到经济环境的影响,在经济下行期政府将难以分配合理的财力支持老年教育的发展;非营利组织主导型的老年教育通常采用自负盈亏的办学方式,总体发展规模受限,资源相对也少;政府主导多方主体参与的方式能够在外部环境不确定的形态下,在多方主体间形成关系张力,相对稳定地保障老年教育的发展。因此,在老年教育治理结构规划中,应充分考虑经济社会发展结构特征,通过合理分配不同行动主体角色,通过多元主体协同参与的治理模式,保障老年教育规模的稳定发展。

This research conducted a comparative study of the cases in the United States,France,the United Kingdom,and China to explore the practical characteristics and structure of seniors'educational governance to deal with population aging that emerged in the international communities in the 1980s.Results showed that the external environment and the participation of governance actors will impact the overall development scale of elders education,especially with the governance actors as a causal variable;that the development of education will be held back due to the government's difficulty to allocate reasonable financial resources during the economic downturn;that non-profit organizations for the elderly tend to adopt a self-financed school-running approach with limited development scale and resource diversity;and that the government's multi-subject participation can be adapted to the uncertain external environment to reinforce the relationship tension of multiple subjects to facilitate the advance of seniors'education.Therefore,it proposed that the structural characteristics of economic and social development can be fully considered in the planning of the governance of seniors'education,and that the scaled development must be ensured by rationally classifying the roles of different actors,and alternating the governance model of collaborative participation of multiple subjects.