五四运动与道德转型——以传统“忠”德的转化为中心

The May 4th Movement and Moral Transition:Centeringon the Transformation of Traditional Loyalty Virtue

五四运动的道德革命促使了中国传统道德的转型。梁启超、杜亚泉等文化保守主义者结合时代变革抛弃了忠德的忠君内涵,对传统忠德的现代性内涵进行了新的阐发。陈独秀、李大钊、吴虞等激进民主主义者批判忠君道德压制个性,使人丧失独立人格。他们认为不仅忠君道德必须废除,孝亲和贞节道德亦无存在之必要。这种矫枉过正的思想倾向,弱化了当时人们对家庭伦理的持守,对后世的道德沦丧起着一定的消极影响。文化保守主义者对传统忠德内涵的新阐发,对于今天如何继承和创新传统道德有重大启示。结合当今时代的新变化,当代忠德的合理性内涵应该包括忠于国家、忠于职守、忠于家庭、忠恕待人、诚实守信等方面。挖掘传统优秀道德的核心要义,结合时代需要进行创造性的转化,进行一场“中国式的文艺复兴”运动,不仅是传统道德获得新生的必由之路,也是构建中国特色哲学社会科学话语体系的迫切需要。

The moral revolution of the May 4th Movement promoted the transformation of traditional Chinese morality.Liang Qichao,Du Yaquan and other cultural conservatives abandoned the connotation of loyalty to the monarch in the light of the changes of the times,and expounded the modern connotation of traditional loyalty.Radical Democrats such as Chen Duxiu,Li Dazhao and Wu Yu criticized loyalty to the emperor for suppressing personality and making people lose their independent personality.They believed that not only loyalty to the monarch must be abolished,but filial piety and chastity should not exist.This ideological tendency of overcorrection weakened people’s adherence to family ethics at that time,and had a negative impact on the moral decay of later generations.The new elucidation of the connotation of traditional loyalty by cultural conservatives has great enlightenment on how to inherit and innovate traditional morality today.Combining with the new changes of the present era,the rational connotation of contemporary loyalty should include loyalty to the country,duty,family,loyalty and forgiveness,honesty and trustworthiness.It is not only the only way for traditional morality to get new life,but also the urgent need to construct the discourse system of philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics to dig out the core meaning of traditional excellent morality and carry out a“Chinese Renaissance”campaign in combination with the needs of the times.