风险管理基本概念辨析

DISCRIMINATION OF BASIC CONCEPTS RELATED TO RISK MANAGEMENT

危险源、危险、危害、风险等是安全工程风险管理的基础概念,目前学术界、工程界对这些概念的理解还处在争论和发展变化之中,相关行业基层技术人员对各概念的内涵、范围认识普遍还很模糊,对相互之间的关系及差异难以清楚地辨析,实际使用中也经常存在使用不当甚至错用的情况。文章在查阅相关文献资料以及对行业实际情况进行调研的基础上,对危险源、危险、危害等共10个基础概念的定义进行了深入剖析,进一步明确了各概念的内涵和范围;建立了危险源、危险、危害、危险状况等概念之间的关联关系模型,确立了各概念之间的逻辑关系;明确了危险源、危险、危害、危害因素分类的总体思路,并提出了相应的基础分类方法。文章对规范风险相关基础概念的使用以及危险源辨识等具体工作具有一定的指导作用。

Hazard,danger,harm,risk,etc.are the basic concepts of risk management in safety engineering,and the current understanding of these concepts in the academic and engineering communities is still under debate and development.Ordinary technicians in the relevant industries generally still have a vague understanding of the connotation and scope of various concepts,and it is difficult to clearly distinguish the relationship and differences between them.There are often improper use or even misuse in actual engineering.Based on review of relevant literature and research on the actual situation of the industry,this paper conducted an in-depth analysis on the definitions of 10 basic concepts such as hazard,danger and harm and further clarified the connotation and scope of each concept.The association model between the concepts of hazard,danger,harm and unsafe condition were established,and the logical relationship between the concepts was clarified.The general idea of the classification of hazard,danger,harm and hazardous elements were clarified,and the corresponding basic classification methods were put forward.This paper plays a guiding role in standardizing the use of basic concepts related to risk as well as specific tasks such as hazard identification.