论科幻叙事中的机器人性别身份建构——对小说集《我,机器人》的一种解读

The Construction of Robotic Gender Identity in the Sci-fi Collection of Stories I,Robot

在20世纪的科幻小说中,部分机器人形象已经具备性别特征。本文通过对阿西莫夫的小说集《我,机器人》进行深入分析,揭示其叙事中机器人的性别化过程与身份建构机制。本文认为,人机关系的固定模式使男性、女性与机器人之间存在着由高到低的权力关系,具体表现为人类“亚当”—机器人“夏娃”与“假面”女人—机器人“新娘”两种性别图式;随着不同情境中权力主体的位移,机器人的社会性别也会产生变化,呈现出流动性、非连续性与悖谬性的特点;科幻叙事的性别书写并非宣扬一种以人类中心主义为范式的权力话语,而是将其作为反思人类的隐喻或寓言。

In 20th-century science fiction,robotic images have already had “gender”characteristics.Through the in-depth analysis of Asimov's story collection I,Robot,this paper reveals the gendered process and identity construction mechanism of robots in its narrative.The fixed mode of human-machine relationship leads to the fact that there is a power relationship between men,women and robots,which is embodied in the two gender schemas:human “Adam”-Robot “Eve” and “Masquerade” woman-Robot “Bride”.With the displacement of the power subject in different situations,the gender of the robot also changes,showing the characteristics of fluidity,discontinuity and paradox.It should be emphasized that the gender writing of sci-fi narratives is not intended to promote a discourse of power in the paradigm of anthropocentrism,but rather as a metaphor or an allegory for reflecting on humanity.