中国国家级非物质文化遗产的流域特征分析

Analysis of river basin characteristics of national intangible cultural heritages in China

基于2006—2021年国务院公布的5批国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目名录,本文以流域为空间单元,运用统计分析、最近邻距离及GIS空间分析等方法,探析国家级非物质文化遗产在不同流域的时空分布特征。结果表明:在类型构成上,国家级非物质文化遗产受不同流域内自然环境与人文环境的影响,存在典型的流域性差异;在空间分布上,国家级非物质文化遗产主要聚集于水源丰富、经济发达、人口聚集的区域,具有较高的流域相关性,多集中在4~6级河流附近;在时间分布上,不同时期的国家级非物质文化遗产空间分布与河网存在相关性,政权稳定时期呈现集聚性分布,反之呈现离散分布。

Based on the five batches of representative projects of national intangible cultural heritages published by the State Council from 2006 to 2021,this paper takes the river basin as the spatial unit,and uses the means of statistical analysis,the nearest-neighbour distance and GIS spatial analysis to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of national intangible cultural heritages in different river basins.Results as follow.Affected by natural environment and human environment in different river basins,there are typical regional differences in the type composition of national intangible cultural heritages.The national intangible cultural heritages is mainly concentrated in areas with rich water resources,developed economy and population accumulation,which is highly correlated with the river basin.Although different river basins are different,they are mostly concentrated in the vicinity of rivers of level 4-6.There is a correlation between the spatial distribution of national intangible cultural heritages and river network in different periods.In the period when the regime is stable,the spatial distribution of national intangible cultural heritages shows agglomeration distribution,and vice versa,which shows discrete distribution.