干旱、半干旱地区开发光伏产业对环境的影响

Environmental Impacts of the Development of Photovoltaic Industry in Arid and Semi-arid Regions

在实现“双碳”目标的大背景下,发展清洁能源已经成为世界公认的减排途径。太阳能在缓解化石燃料的短缺和燃烧造成的环境问题以及全球变暖方面发挥着关键作用。干旱、半干旱地区蕴含着丰富的清洁能源资源,是发展光伏产业的良好场所。对大量的文献进行了归纳,介绍了光伏项目对局地微气候、生态系统的稳定以及碳收支平衡等的影响。结果发现:光伏组件通过电板吸收和拦截减少了到达地面的太阳辐射;电池板阵列能起到降温、增湿和削风的作用,能够对土壤起到保温增湿的作用;电站建成后可以间接改变土壤质地、利于植物生长,并在一定程度上促进当地环境的可持续健康发展;光伏组件可以降低碳排放。未来需综合考虑生态友好、绿色节能等多方面加强对大型光伏组件影响下的生态水文观测,以提高干旱、半干旱地区光伏系统的环境效益和经济效益。

Against the backdrop of achieving the"dual-carbon"goal,the development of clean energy has become a globally recognized way to reduce emissions.Solar energy plays a key role in alleviating the environmental problems caused by the shortage and burning of fossil fuels and global warming.Arid and semi-arid regions are rich in clean energy resources,which is a good place to develop photovoltaic industry.This paper briefly introduces the impact of PV projects on local microclimate,ecosystem stability,and carbon balance through a large amount of literature summary,and the results show that:PV modules reduce the amount of solar radiation reaching the ground by absorbing and intercepting the panels;the panel arrays can play the roles of cooling,humidification and wind chipping,and can play a role of heat preservation and humidification of the soil;the power station can indirectly change the soil texture after the completion of the power station.After the power station is built,it can indirectly change the soil texture,facilitate plant growth,and to a certain extent promote the sustainable and healthy development of the local environment;PV modules can reduce carbon emissions.In the future,it is necessary to strengthen the Eco-hydrology observation under the influence of large-scale photovoltaic modules by taking into account the ecological friendliness,green energy saving and other aspects,so as to improve the environmental and economic benefits of the photovoltaic system in arid and semi-arid areas.