杉木优树自由授粉子代遗传测定及早期选择

Genetic Determination and Early Selection of Free Pollination Progeny of Cunninghamia Lanceolata

对2018年江西、四川、安徽和湖南等省份采集的61株杉木优树自由授粉种子进行了子代测定,结果表明:杉木试验林1年生时树高、地径平均值分别为0.64 m、0.89 cm,变异系数分别为38.35%、32.55%,最高单株是最矮单株的13.36倍;3年生时树高平均值为2.24 m,变异系数为41.79%;杉木自由授粉不同家系子代在树高、地径性状间差异都达到极显著水平,在家系×区组间差异都不显著。杉木在家系水平上受到强度的遗传控制,能够通过优树子代测定进行遗传改良;3 a生时有6个杉木优树自由授粉子代表现极显著优于福建杉木3代种子园混合采种实生苗,占比9.8%;以20%的入选率为选择标准筛选优良家系,筛选了15个杉木优树自由授粉优良家系。入选的杉木优良家系树高均值为2.67 m,现实增益为19.04%,遗传增益平均为17.90%。

The offspring of 61 free-pollinated seeds of superior Cunninghamia lanceolata trees collected in Jiangxi,Sichuan,Anhui and Hunan in 2018 were determined.The results showed that the average tree height and ground diameter were 0.64m and 0.89cm,and the coefficient of variation were 38.35% and 32.55%,respectively.The highest single plant was 13.36 times than that of the shortest single plant.The average tree height was 2.24m and the coefficient of variation was 41.79%.The differences in tree height and ground diameter traits among the offspring of different families of Cunninghamia lanceolata under free pollination reached extremely significant levels,while the differences between family and district groups were not significant.Cunninghamia lanceolata is under strong genetic control at the family level and can be genetically improved through progeny testing of superior trees;At the age of 3 years,there were 6 free pollinators representing excellent Cunninghamia lanceolata,which were significantly superior to the mixed collection seedlings of Fujian Cunninghamia lanceolata 3rd generation seed orchard,accounting for 9.8%;Using a 20% selection rate as the selection criteria,15 excellent families of Cunninghamia lanceolata were selected for free pollination.The average height of the selected excellent Cunninghamia lanceolata families is 2.67 meters,with a realistic gain of 19.04% and an average genetic gain of 17.90%.