不同栽培基质对铁皮石斛生长的影响

Effects of Different Cultivation Substrates on the Growth of Dendrobium officinale

为进一步提高黄冕林场铁皮石斛的壮苗培育,采用不同基质对铁皮石斛幼苗进行了培育,并探讨了不同培育基质对其生长情况及品质的影响。针对不同的培育基质,采用单因素区组设计的方法,基质配比分别为松木皮∶珍珠岩(2∶1)、松木皮∶珍珠岩(1∶1)、松木皮、泥炭土∶蛭石∶松木皮(1∶1∶2)、森林腐殖土∶砂子∶松木皮(1∶1∶2),并根据添加和不添加有机菌肥,将不同的栽培基质分别编号为1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10共计10个处理,3个重复,采用不同栽培基质培育的铁皮石斛经过1a的培育后,分别调查和记录各试验处理铁皮石斛萌芽数、茎粗、茎长、生根数、最长根系长度、地上部分鲜重、地下部分鲜重的生长特性指标。结果表明:在添加有机菌肥和不添加有机菌肥的栽培基质处理中,均为采用松木皮∶珍珠岩(2∶1)的栽培基质培育的铁皮石斛其地上部分鲜重、地下部分鲜重、萌芽数量、茎粗、茎长、生根数、最长根系长度的生长量最好;而在相同的栽培基质中,添加有机菌肥的栽培基质培育的铁皮石斛其地上部分鲜重、地下部分鲜重、萌芽数量、茎粗、茎长、生根数、最长根系长度分别比不添加有机菌肥的栽培基质培育的铁皮石斛生长量平均增加4.89%、11.57%、25.22%、13.30%、5.79%、19.43%、11.47%。采用松木皮∶珍珠岩(2∶1)的栽培基质培育铁皮石斛的生长量最好,并在栽培基质中添加有机菌肥对促进铁皮石斛的生长具有重要作用。

In order to further improve the strong seedling cultivation of Dendrobium officinale in Huangmian Forest Farm,this paper uses different substrates to cultivate Dendrobium officinale seedlings,and discusses the effects of different cultivation substrates on their growth and quality.Methods:The single factor block design method was adopted for different cultivation substrates.The matrix proportions were pine bark∶Perlite(2∶1),pine bark∶Perlite(1∶1),pine bark,peat soil∶vermiculite∶pine bark(1∶1∶2),forest humus soil∶sand∶pine bark(1∶1∶2).According to the addition and non-addition of organic bacterial fertilizer,different cultivation substrates were numbered as 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 with a total of 10 treatments.Three replicates were used to cultivate Dendrobium officinale using different cultivation substrates.After one year of cultivation,the growth characteristics indicators of Dendrobium officinale,including sprout number,stem diameter,stem length,rooting number,longest root system length,fresh weight of aboveground and underground parts,were investigated and recorded for each experimental treatment.In the treatment of culture medium with and without organic bacterial fertilizer,Dendrobium officinale cultivated with pine bark∶Perlite(2∶1)culture medium had the best growth of fresh weight of aboveground part,fresh weight of underground part,number of sprouts,stem diameter,stem length,number of roots,and length of the longest root system;In the same cultivation medium,the fresh weight of the aboveground and underground parts,the number of sprouts,stem diameter,stem length,root number,and longest root length of Dendrobium officinale cultivated in the cultivation medium with organic bacterial fertilizer added increased by an average of 4.89%,11.57%,25.22%,13.30%,5.79%,19.43%,and 11.47% compared to the cultivation medium without organic bacterial fertilizer.Pine bark∶Perlite(2∶1)is the best medium for the growth of Dendrobium officinale,and the addition of organic bacterial fertilizer in the culture medium plays an important role in promoting the growth of Dendrobium officinale.