清代盛京三陵总理事务衙门设立时间考辨——以《黑图档》为中心

Discussion on the Establishment Time of the Premier's Affairs Yamen of Shengjing's Three Mausoleums in the Qing Dynasty-Centered on Heitudang Archives

清代盛京三陵总理事务衙门是管理盛京三陵的机构,盛京三陵始建于入关前,对盛京三陵的管理蕴含清代“敬天法祖”思想,及清帝对皇权与礼仪制度的重视。目前学界对于此衙门的设立时间有分歧,大致分为四种,一为雍正八年(1730)之前已有设立;二为乾隆九年(1744)六月;三为乾隆十三年(1748年);四为乾隆四十八年(1783年)。本文利用中国第一历史档案馆所藏档案及《黑图档》等满汉档案,梳理《清实录》《大清会典》等相关文献,考证盛京三陵总理事务衙门的设立时间应为乾隆十七年(1752年)。

The Premier's Affairs Yamen of Shengjing's Three Mausoleums in the Qing Dynasty is the organization that manages the three Shengjing mausoleums.The three Shengjing mausoleums were built before the Qing army entering the Shanhaiguan.The management of the three Shengjing mausoleums contains the idea of"respecting the heaven and the ancestors"in the Qing Dynasty,and the Qing emperor’s emphasis on the imperial power and the etiquette system.At present,the academic circles have different opinions on the establishment time of this yamen,which can be roughly divided into four points of view.One is that it was established before the eighth year of Yongzheng(1730);the second is June of the ninth year of Emperor Qianlong's reign(1744);the third is the thirteenth year of Qianlong(1748);the fourth is the forty eighth year of Qianlong(1783).The article uses the Manchu and Han archives such as the first historical archives of China and the Heitudang Archives,reviewing the relevant documents such as the Qing Shi Lu and the Da Qing Hui Dian,and concludes that the establishment time of The Premier's Affairs Yamen of Shengjing's Three Mausoleums should be the seventeenth year of Emperor Qianlong's reign(1752).