数字科技伦理监管的政策布局与实践模式:来自英国的考察

Policy Framework and Implementation Models for Ethical Regulation of Digital Technology:Insights from the United Kingdom

随着数字经济的迅速发展,各国政府逐渐意识到有必要将数字科技伦理纳入监管范畴。系统分析英国数字科技伦理监管的制度建设和实践做法,发现英国数字科技伦理的监管主体涵盖政府部门和公共机构、咨询小组和委员会及网络和社区等跨政府组织、分权行政机构等;数字科技伦理监管主要面向人工智能伦理和大数据伦理,并在算法、人脸识别和数据公平等重点领域进行了政策布局;监管模式为政府部门主导、政府部门与跨政府组织上下联动以及多中心、分散式的模式。英国政府将部分监管权力下放,与跨部门数字科技伦理治理标准相结合,对数字科技伦理进行监管。英国数字科技伦理监管实践对我国的启示在于:在制度设计上,确立跨部门协作、以人为本、制定清晰的伦理治理原则和全国性标准;在监管模式上,构建分类监管体系,建立多部门合作机制,避免“一刀切”式监管;在多利益主体参与上,赋予地方政府和企业更多的自主权和责任,全面考虑多方利益主体的需求和利益,建立包容性和多元化的伦理监管框架。

With the rapid development of the digital economy,governments around the world have gradually recognized the need to incorporate digital technology ethics into the realm of regulation.This paper conducts a systematic analysis of the institutional development and practical approaches to digital technology ethics regulation in the United Kingdom.It reveals that the key actors in the regulation of digital technology ethics in the UK encompass government departments,public institutions,advisory groups,committees,networks,communities,decentralized administrative agencies,and other cross-government organizations.The regulation of digital technology ethics primarily targets artificial intelligence ethics and big data ethics,with special policy initiatives implemented in critical domains such as algorithms,facial recognition,and data fairness.The regulatory framework is characterized by government leadership,vertical and horizontal collaboration between government departments and cross-government organizations,a multicenter approach,and decentralization.The UK government has delegated some regulatory powers and combined them with cross-sectoral standards for digital technology ethics governance to oversee digital technology ethics in the UK.The lessons drawn from the UK's experience in digital technology ethics regulation provide valuable insights for China.In terms of institutional design,it is essential to establish cross-sectoral collaboration,prioritize a people-centric approach,define clear ethical governance principles,and develop national standards.Regarding the regulatory model,constructing a categorized regulatory system and fostering multi-department cooperation mechanisms can prevent a onesize-fits-all approach to regulation.In the realm of multi-stakeholder participation,granting local governments and enterprises greater autonomy and responsibility,while fully considering the needs and interests of diverse stakeholders,will enable the creation of an inclusive and diversified ethical regulatory framework.