“六气皆从火化”的隐喻分析

Metaphorical Analysis of“Six Qi Being Transformed from Fire”

隐喻是人类认知事物的基本思维方式。古代医家以自然之火为隐喻源域构建病理之火邪,并在畏火、恶火的观念下发展出以“六气皆从火化”为代表的火热论观点。从六气与火邪的概念溯源,由来已久的畏火、恶火观念,以及由畏火、恶火到“六气皆从火化”等三方面,分析形成此类病机观点的隐喻认知过程。结果发现,“赤气”概念的提出让“火”得以并入“六气”之列;畏火、恶火的观念引发了中医病因病机理论中的重火观念;宋代严重的火灾问题是促使火热论产生的关键因素;对火邪的偏重最终使得风、寒、湿、燥“皆从火化”。

Metaphor is a basic way of thinking for human beings to perceive things.Ancient medical practitioners used natu-ral fire as a metaphorical source to construct the pathological fire evil and developed the fire theory represented by“six Qi being transformed from fire”under the concept of fearing and abhorring fire.The metaphorical cognitive process of this pathological view was analyzed from three aspects:the origin of the concept of six Qi and fire evil,the long-standing concept of fear of fire and aversion to fire,and the transformation from fear of fire and aversion to fire to“six Qi being transformed from fire”.The re-sults showed that the concept of“red Qi”was introduced to incorporate“fire”into the“six Qi”;the concept of fear of fire and a-version to fire created the concept of heavy fire in the etiology and pathogenesis of traditional Chinese medicine;the serious fire problem in the Song Dynasty was a key factor in the emergence of fire theory;the preference for fire evil eventually made wind,cold,dampness and dryness“all transformed from fire”.