精神分裂症患者否定-色词Stroop任务中认知抑制功能研究

Exploration of cognitive inhibitory function in negation and color-word Stroop task of patients with schizophrenia

目的通过将否定嵌入到Stroop任务中,探讨否定加工对精神分裂症患者颜色词判断的影响,以及精神分裂症患者的认知抑制功能损伤情况。方法2021年1—12月,以"肯定/否定+颜色词"为试验材料,采用经典的Stroop范式,采取2(被试分组:精神分裂症组与正常对照组)×2(短语极性:肯定与否定)×2(词-色一致性:一致与不一致)的混合试验设计,分别研究双极否定(试验1)和多极否定(试验2)条件下精神分裂症患者的否定抑制功能。试验1(精神分裂症患者28例,正常对照组28例)和试验2(精神分裂症患者30例,对照组30例)的精神分裂症患者分别来自唐山市开滦精神卫生中心和苏州市广济医院的住院患者,对照组来自社会招募的健康人群。采用SPSS 25.0软件进行数据统计分析,正确率、反应时和Stroop效应量进行重复测量方差分析。结果(1)在双极否定中(试验1)反应时(F=49.22,P<0.001,η_(p)^(2)=0.48)、多极否定中(试验2)反应时(F=37.58,P<0.001,η_(p)^(2)=0.39)的组别主效应均显著。(2)在双极否定中(试验1)反应时的Stroop效应量的组别与极性交互作用显著(F=4.42,P<0.05,η_(p)^(2)=0.08),精神分裂症组的肯定Stroop效应(-0.137±0.522)与否定Stroop效应(0.082±0.169)的差异有统计学意义(F=7.15,P<0.05,η_(p)^(2)=0.12);在多极否定中(试验2)正确率的Stroop条件与极性交互作用边缘显著(F=3.81,P=0.056,η_(p)^(2)=0.06),在肯定条件下,词色一致条件的正确率[(96.51±1.55)%]显著高于词色不一致条件的正确率[(90.00±2.54)%](F=5.15,P<0.05,η_(p)^(2)=0.08)。(3)在双极否定中(试验1)正确率的组别、词-色一致性和极性三者交互作用显著(F=6.66,P<0.05,η_(p)^(2)=0.11),精神分裂症组词-色一致性与极性的交互作用显著(F=9.16,P<0.05,η_(p)^(2)=0.15),正常组Stroop条件与极性的交互作用不显著(P>0.05)。结论精神分裂症患者的认知抑制功能损伤严重,这也体现在否定加工中;否定具有认知抑制功能,对于精神分裂症患者而言,否定的抑制功能在双极否定中尤为突出。

Objective To explore the impact of negation effect on color judgment of the color-word pairs and the impairment of cognitive inhibition function of the patients with schizophrenia(SCH)through embedding negation into the Stroop task.Methods From January to December 2021,"Affirmative/negative+color words"as the experimental materials,classical Stroop paradigm as the experimental paradigm,a mixed experimental design of 2(groups:the SCH group vs the normal control group)×2(phrase polarity:affirmative phrases vs negative phrases)×2(word-color congruence:consistency vs inconsistency)was designed to explore the inhibition function of negative phrases of the SCHs under bipolar negation conditions(Experiment 1)and multi-polar negation conditions(Experiment 2)respectively.The schizophrenic patients in Experiment 1(28 patients and 28 normal controls)and Experiment 2(30 patients and 30 normal controls)were sampled from the inpatients of Tangshan Kailuan Mental Health Center and Suzhou Guangji Hospital respectively,and the healthy controls were recruited from the community.SPSS 25.0 software was adopted as statistical analysis,and accuracy,response time of Stroop and the Stroop effect were analyzed by repeated measurement analysis of variance.Results(1)The group main effects of response time were both significant in bipolar negation conditions(Experiment 1)(F=49.22,P<0.001,η_(p)^(2)=0.48)and multi-polar negation conditions(Experiment 2)(F=37.58,P<0.001,η_(p)^(2)=0.39).In bipolar negation(Experiment 1)conditions,as for the Stroop effect of response time,there was a significant interaction between the groups and polarities(F=4.42,P<0.05,η_(p)^(2)=0.08),and there was a statistically significant difference between the affirmative Stroop effect(-0.137±0.522)and the negative Stroop effect(0.082±0.169)in the schizophrenia group(F=7.15,P<0.05,η_(p)^(2)=0.12).In multi-polar negation conditions(Experiment 2),there was a marginal significant of the interaction between Stroop conditions and polarities in accuracy(F=3.81,P=0.056,η_(p)^(2)=0.06).The accuracy under the word color consistency condition was higher than that under inconsistency condition((96.51±1.55)%,(90.00±2.54)%)(F=5.15,P<0.05,η_(p)^(2)=0.08).(3)In bipolar negation(Experiment 1)conditions,as for the accuracy,the interaction among groups,word color consistencies,and polarities was significant(F=6.66,P<0.05,η_(p)^(2)=0.11).The interaction between word color consistencies and polarities was significant in the schizophrenia group(F=9.16,P<0.05,η_(p)^(2)=0.15).In the normal group,the interaction between Stroop conditions and polarities was not significant(P>0.05).Conclusion The impairment of cognitive inhibition function in schizophrenia is severe,which is reflected in negative processing;negation functions as cognitive inhibition,which is particularly prominent in bipolar negation.