不同情绪状态对大学生注意控制能力的影响

The influence of different emotional states on attention control ability of college students

目的探讨在单一和双重注意控制任务中不同情绪状态对大学生注意控制能力的影响。方法2022年3—5月,招募新疆师范大学28名大学生为被试,使用情绪图片启动被试的积极、消极和中性情绪状态,随后考察被试在不同情绪状态下"双选择Oddball+Stroop"任务中的注意控制能力差异。试验设计为3(情绪状态:中性情绪、积极情绪和消极情绪)×4(任务类型:基线任务、单一反应抑制、单一干扰抑制和双重注意控制任务)的被试内设计,E-prime软件记录被试的反应时和错误率。采用SPSS 21.0对28名被试的反应时和错误率进行重复测量方差分析。结果情绪状态与任务类型的交互作用显著[F_((6,22))=2.70,P<0.05];情绪状态主效应不显著[F_((2,26))=0.79,P=0.461];任务类型主效应显著[F_((3,25))=28.46,P<0.001],基线任务、单一干扰抑制任务、单一反应抑制任务、双重注意控制任务的平均反应时两两之间均差异有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。简单效应分析显示:在单一反应抑制任务中,积极情绪状态[(499.62±72.09)ms]和消极情绪状态下的反应时[(521.52±86.39)ms]均显著长于中性情绪状态下的反应时[(475.43±76.38)ms,均P<0.05],消极情绪状态下的反应时显著长于积极情绪状态下反应时(P<0.05);基线任务、单一干扰抑制任务、双重注意控制任务中被试在3种情绪状态下的反应时差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论在单一注意控制任务中,积极和消极情绪状态对大学生的反应抑制能力均产生情绪干扰效应,其中消极情绪状态的干扰效应更明显;在双重注意控制任务中情绪干扰效应消失。

Objective To explore the influence of different emotional states on college students'attention control ability in single and dual attention control tasks.Methods A total of 28 college students from Xinjiang Normal University were selected as participants,and emotional pictures were used to activate the positive,negative and neutral emotional states of the participants,and the integrated paradigm of"double-choice Oddball+Stroop"was used to investigate their attention control ability in different emotional states.The experiment was designed by 3(emotional states:neutral mood,positive emotion and negative emotion)×4(task types:baseline task,single response inhibition,single interference inhibition and double attention control task),and the E-prime software was used to record the participant's reaction time and error rate.SPSS 21.0 software was used to perform repeated measurement ANOVA on the reaction time and error rate of 28 participants.Results The interaction between emotional state and task type was significant(F_((6,22))=2.70,P<0.05).The main effect of emotional state was not significant(F_((2,26))=0.79,P=0.461).The main effect of task type was significant(F_((3,25))=28.46,P<0.001).The differences in average reaction time between baseline tasks,single interference suppression tasks,single response suppression tasks,and dual attention control tasks were statistically significant(all P<0.001).Simple effect analysis showed that in the single response inhibition task,the reaction time in positive emotional state((499.62±72.09)ms)and negative emotional state((521.52±86.39)ms)were significantly longer than that in the neutral emotional state((475.43±76.38)ms,both P<0.05),and that in the negative emotional state was significantly longer than that in the positive emotional state(P<0.05).There was no significant difference between emotional states in the baseline task,single interference suppression task,and double attention control task(all P>0.05).Conclusion In the single attention control task,both positive and negative emotional states have emotional interference effect on the response inhibition ability of college students,and the interference effect of negative emotional state is more sighificant.In the dual attention control task,the emotional interference effect disappeared.