破与立:重构开放式科学系统

Demolish and rebuild:Reshaping an open science system

开放科学运动自兴起以来,逐渐由开放获取、开放科研数据等分散、独立的科学信息开放运动,融合为推动科研范式变革、开放科研全生命周期、推动多元知识系统协同共创,建立开放式科学系统的全球性变革。本研究以开放式科学系统为研究对象,基于科学社会学、传播学理论,分析开放式科学系统的历史演进、主要驱动因素、系统特征。该系统的构建会对科学知识生产、交流和评价带来积极的影响,同时也面临着如追求公平与实际资源分配间的问题,科学开放性与科研效率间的问题,商业出版利益与去中心化的科学交流体系间的问题,科学发现优先权与以共享为核心的科研文化间的问题,科学开放性与技术独占性之间的问题等。因此推动开放式科学系统的规划与落地需要考虑上述背景和因素,并积极调和上述问题。

The open science movement has gradually grown from decentralized and independent open science practices such as open access and open research data,into an overall reform on the research system including the research paradigms,the research life-cycles and the collaborative innovations with different knowledge systems.This study aims to study the open science system,covering its historical evolutions,main drivers and systematic features,based on theories including sociology of science and communication.It is suggested that the open science system has a positive impact on the scientific knowledge production,communication and evaluation mechanisms.Meanwhile,the open science system also faces with challenges between the pursuit of fairness and real-world resource allocation,between research openness and research efficiency,between interests of commercial publishing and decentralized scientific communication mechanism,between the priority of scientific discovery and the research culture with sharing as the core,as well as between the openness of science and the exclusivity of technologies.Therefore,the promotion of open science system needs to take into account the above backgrounds and factors,and actively reconcile the above challenges.