唐代初赐功臣名号研究

Research on the Titles Bestowed to Meritorious Officials in the Early Tang Dynasty

功臣名号是功臣制度的一部分,但正式的功臣名号出现在具体哪一时段,一直有很大争议。梳理唐高祖朝功臣表彰情况和唐僖宗朝的功臣名号,可以明确“王言等于官方认定”和“功臣名号是特定荣誉称号”两个标准,由此断定唐高祖时期的“太原元谋”等不是正式的功臣名号。由于唐玄宗掌权前后剧烈变动的功臣政策,“唐元功臣”也并未成为真正意义的功臣名号。初赐功臣名号的时间当以唐代宗所颁赐“宝应功臣”为始。颁赐功臣名号的目的是表彰和宣传护持君父的“正义之举”,并形成独特的历史记忆。

The titles bestowed to meritorious officials are part of the system of meritorious officials,but there has been great controversy over when the official titles of meritorious officials appeared.By analyzing the commendation of meritorious officials during the reign of Emperor Gaozu of Tang and the titles bestowed to meritorious ficials during the reign of Emperor Xizong of Tang,two criteria can be clarified:the emperor's words are equivalent to the official recognition,and the title bestowed to a meritorious official is a specific honorary title.Accordingly,it can be concluded that"Taiyuan Yuanmou"during the reign of Emperor Gaozu of Tang is not an official title of meritorious official.Due to the drastic changes in the policy of meritorious officials before and after Emperor Xuanzong of Tang came to power,"Tang Yuan Hero"has not become the tile of heroes in its true sense.The time when the titles of meritorious officials were first conferred should start with the bestowment of"Baoying Hero"during the reign of Emperor Daizong of Tang.The purpose of conferring the titles to meritorious officials is to recognize and publicize the"righteous act"of protecting the ruling emperor,and to form a unique historical memory.