唐代的清明改火、赐新火习俗及其文化、政治意蕴

Customs of Renewing Fire and Bestowing New Fire and Their Cultural and Political Connotations at the Qingming Festival in the Tang Dynasty

在沿袭前代的基础上,唐人将清明改火、取新火习俗进一步发扬光大,并衍生出赐新火仪式,风靡一时,蔚为大观。这些蕴含着则天顺气、辞旧迎新、君恩臣报等文化内涵和政治意蕴的节俗活动,既丰富了唐人的节日文化生活,增添了热烈、喜庆的节日氛围,又契合了唐人特别是统治者的精神、心理需求及现实政治需要,一定程度上维系和巩固了统治秩序,对唐代乃至后世产生了深远影响。

On the basis of inheriting the previous generation,the people of the Tang Dynasty further carried forward the custom of renewing fire and making new fire at the Qingming Festival,and derived the ceremony of bestowing new fire,which was popular and magnificent.These festival activities,characteristic of cultural and political connotations,included following the mandate of the heaven and complying with the popular wishes of the people,ringing out the Old Year and ringing in the New Year,and subjects'repaying the grace of their ruler,not only having enriched the festival cultural life of the Tang people and added a warm and festival atmosphere but also met the spiritual,psychological and realistic political needs of the Tang people,especially the rulers,to a certain extent,maintained and consolidated the ruling order,and had a profound effect on the Tang Dynasty and even the later generations.