社会水循环系统水—能—碳纽带关系及低碳调控策略研究

Research of water-energy-carbon nexus of social water cycle system and low carbon regulation strategy

水是社会经济系统中最活跃、最关键的因素,伴随水的取用和处理,温室气体排放规模不断增加,因而研究社会水循环系统中的能源消耗和碳排放规律对推动实现“双碳”目标具有重要意义。文章从水—能—碳纽带关系角度着手,梳理了社会水循环过程中的能源消耗和碳排放现状,基于变化趋势及影响因素分析结果并把握面临的机遇和挑战,提出了“双碳”目标下社会水循环系统高效低碳发展的应对策略。我国社会水循环系统正朝着能源密集型方向发展,其中供水、排水环节的碳排放强度增幅最大,2009—2021年分别增加了23.3%、78.6%;说明随着非常规水、跨流域调水规模的增加,未来水系统耗能及碳排放量将持续增加,实现碳中和目标挑战艰巨。研究建议,加强基础科学研究,构建社会水循环全过程碳核算体系;推动系统配置和低碳技术研发,整体提升减污降碳综合能力;激励全社会加强节水,实现水资源与能源的双重节约;完善水系统碳排放管理,实现社会水循环低碳发展。

Water is the most active and critical factor in the socio-economic system,and the scale of greenhouse gas emissionsaccompanying water withdrawal and treatment is increasing.It is important to study the energy consumption and carbon emission of the social water cycle system to promote the achievement of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.This study summarizes the current status of energy consumption and carbon emissions in the social water cycle from the perspective of water-energy-carbon nexus.Based on the analysis of change trends and influencing factors and focusing on existing problems and challenges,it proposes strategies for the efficient and low-carbon development of the social water cycle system under the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality targets.China's social water cycle system is developing toward an energy-intensive direction.The carbon emission intensity in water supply and drainage sectors increased the most,with an increase of 23.3%and 78.6%respectively from 2009 to 2021.With the increase of the scale of unconventional water and inter-basin water transfer,the energy consumption and carbon emission of the water system will continue to increase in the future,and the challenge of carbon neutrality is daunting.The study recommends that(1)basic scientific research should be strengthened and a carbon accounting system should be built for the whole process of social water cycle,(2)the research and development of system configuration and low-carbon technologies should be promoted to improve the comprehensive capabilities for pollution and carbon reduction as a whole,(3)energy conservation should be promoted in the whole society to realize the dual conservation of water and energy,and(4)carbon emission management in the water system should be improved to realize the low-carbon development of the social water cycle.