负责任研究与创新框架之下的脑科学伦理治理——对欧盟脑科学计划(HBP)的案例研究

Ethical governance in brain science under the framework of responsible research and innovation——A case study of the European Union Brain Science Program(HBP)

脑科学是当代科学技术发展的前沿,带来了重要的伦理与社会问题。国际上脑科学计划都把伦理与社会问题作为其中重要的一部分。欧盟脑科学计划(HBP)是把伦理与社会问题整合到整个计划中的一个典范,其一些做法具有创新性和启发意义。这篇论文从理念、结构设计、伦理治理机制和开展的重要问题研究等方面,对欧盟脑科学计划的伦理治理做了探讨,总结其成功要素,提出了对中国脑科学计划的科技伦理治理及其他领域的科技治理可以借鉴之处。

Brain science is the forefront of modern science and technology development,which brings important ethical and social problems.Ethical and social issues are an important part of brain science programs.The Human Brain Project of European Union(HBP)is an example of integrating ethical and social issues into the whole program,and some of its approaches are innovative and instructive.The purpose of this paper is a case study of HBP's ethical governance ideas,structures and practice.This paper studies the ideas of ethical governance of science and technology,responsible research and innovation(RRI)and the relationship between them.It points out that HBP ethical governance has three major goals:(1)promotethe HBP responsible research and innovation,to help shape the HBP along the ethical direction for responsible public service,conform to ethical and legal norms and principles,including human rights,data protection,ethical standards and good practices;(2)To monitor the political,security,social and military application or misuse of scientific and technological development;(3)Solve the ethical and social concerns raised by HBP itself.According to these goals,HBP has set up a special ethics and society group and ethics Advisory Committee,designed an ethical governance structure by the AREA framework of RRI,and clarified the roles and responsibilities of each major participant.This paper summarizes the successful elements of HBP(1)the clear design provides the direction and framework of governance;(2)the role of ethics and Society Research Group;(3)an effective mechanism to identify and deal with ethical issues;(4)ethical interaction.The ethical practice of HBP has the following implications for the ethical governance of brain science programs in China and other fields of scientific and technological ethics:(1)the direction and approach of scientific and technological ethical governance guided by advanced ethical governance ideas;(2)ehical primacy needs to be closely combined with scientific practice in specific fields;(3)define the role of ethics professionals in science and technology;(4)to improve the ethical consciousness of science and technology personnel as an important goal,(5)to pay attention to process governance and establish the interaction mechanism between various subjects.