湿热地区体育馆热环境现状及被动式设计改善效果分析

Analysis of Thermal Environment and Improvement Effects of Passive Design in Stadiums in Hot and Humid Regions

夏季体育馆室内环境热舒适性影响居民参与运动的积极性,采用空调设备改善则易造成过多的建筑能耗。因此需合理采用被动式措施来辅助体育馆的节能设计。本研究选取湿热地区南宁市的体育馆作为研究对象,通过实地调研确定该市的体育馆建筑类型,并选取3种典型代表建筑进行夏日热环境实测。测试分析结果表明单一空间体育馆热环境状况严峻,馆内屋顶表面温度高达60℃,其次为多层体育馆(40℃)和综合体育馆(36℃)。基于实测结果对3个体育馆进行模拟验证与改善分析,结果显示三方面(自然通风、遮阳和隔热)的被动式设计对降低3个体育馆室温均有较好的效果;采用上述三方面中简易的被动式措施可降低室温的幅度为2.5℃(单一空间),0.75℃(多层),0.04℃(综合)。通过单因素模拟和组合模拟法探讨3个设计参数(换气次数、遮阳系数和传热系数)与体育馆室内外温差的量化关系发现,提高换气次数的改善效果最佳,其室温降低值最高可达到3.7℃;此外,最大程度增加传热系数和降低遮阳系数可获得的降温幅度均为0.9℃。上述等量化结果可以总结为设计依据辅助设计人员在方案阶段预测体育馆建筑热工性能,并优化被动式设计方案。

In this study,the stadiums in Nanning with hot and humid climate were selected as the research object.The building types of the stadiums were examined through field investigation,and summertime measurements were conducted in three typical stadium buildings.Measurement results show that the thermal environment in the singlespace type of stadium is the worst,whose indoor roof surface temperature reaches as high as 60℃in mid-day time,followed by 40℃ and 36℃ for the multi-story type and complex type of stadiums,respectively.Thermal improvement effects of passive design strategies(i.e.,natural ventilation,shading,and insulation)on the investigated stadium buildings were discussed using numerical simulation.The results reveal that indoor air temperatures of the three stadiums are lowered by 2.5℃(single-space type),0.75℃(multi-story type),and 0.04℃(complex type),respectively.Furthermore,the relationships between design parameters(air change rate,shading coefficient,and heat transfer coefficient)and temperature differences between indoor and outdoor air temperatures were obtained using the single-factor and multi-factor analysis methods.Simulation results show that increasing the air change rate has the greatest improvement effect on lowering indoor air temperature by around 3.7℃.And the indoor air temperatures can be lowered by 0.9℃ through the maximum increase of heat transfer coefficient or decrease of shading coefficient.These quantitative results can be summarized as design guidelines for supporting the designers to predict the thermal performance of stadium buildings and optimize passive design proposals.