敦煌古藏文写本《金光明经》及其文献价值

An Analysis of the Document Value of the Suvarn4aprabhāsottamasūtra of Dunhuang Ancient Tibetan

《金光明经》广泛流传于亚洲地区,是丝绸之路各民族文化交流与交融的历史产物。敦煌古藏文文献中,《金光明经》为数量较多的文献之一,但研究成果较为零散。主要运用写本文献学的理论与方法,把发现的敦煌古藏文文献中的37份《金光明经》写卷,按版本分为汉译藏的文献、梵译藏的文献、以及金光明经陀罗尼集文献。首先,与传世本的对勘分析,发现P.T.0507,P.T0059,P.T0509,P.T2107等为敦煌文献中孤本。其词汇和语句以及翻译方法等与甘珠尔诸版本有明显的差异,对藏文词源学和语音学以及吐蕃时期的汉藏翻译研究具有一定的文献参考价值。藏文历史文献及甘珠尔目录中,对现存传世本中的三种藏译本的先后顺序没有明确的记载,国内外的学者对此也提出不同的看法,对敦煌古藏文献中所存的文献进行对比分析和分类研究,对吐蕃时期此部经典的翻译历史提供可靠的线索。其次,敦煌古藏文文献为8世纪到11世纪的文献,是研究这部经典的第一手资料,不仅对甘珠尔各种版本的校勘具有参考意义,而且对敦煌藏文写本文献学的学科建设具有一定的价值。《金光明经》的敦煌写本中汉译藏的文献占多数,反映出唐蕃文化交流的历史事实,对藏汉文化交流的研究也极具文献价值。

Suvar n4aprabhāsottama sūtra has been widely spread in various parts of Asia and translated into many languages.Among the ancient Tibetan documents of Dunhuang that have been published and distributed,the Suvar n4aprabhāsottama sūtra one of the most numerous documents.At present,there is no systematic research on its research results.This article mainly uses the theory and research methods of book writing philology to find the versions of Chinese translated Tibetan literature,Sanskrit translated Tibetan literature,and Suvar n4aprabhāsottama sūtra Turani collection literature.First of all,through the survey and analysis with the handed down version,it is found that P.T.0507,P.T0059,P.T0509,P.T2107,etc.are isolated variant versions in Dunhuang literature.Then,in the Tibetan historical documents and bka’vgyur catalog,there is no clear record of the sequence of the three Tibetan versions of the existing handed down versions.Scholars at home and abroad also put forward different views on this.Moreover,there is no doubt that the Dunhuang ancient Tibetan literature is the first-hand material for studying this classic.Finally,most of the Dunhuang manuscripts of this sutra reflect the historical facts of the cultural exchanges between Tang and Tibetan.